This book is intended as a general introduction to the uses of artificial materials in the human body for the purposes of aiding healing, correcting deformities, and restoring lost function. It is an outgrowth of an undergraduate course for senior students in biomedical engineering, and it is offered as a text to be used in such courses. Topics include biocompatibility, techniques to minimize cor rosion or other degradation of implant materials, principles of materials science as it relates to the use of materials in the body, and specific uses of materials in various tissues and organs. It is expected that the student will have successively completed elementary courses in the mechanics of deformable bodies and in anatomy and physiology, and preferably also an introductory course in materials science prior to undertaking a course in biomaterials. Many quantitative examples are included as exercises for the engineering student. We recognize that many of these involve unrealistic simplifications and are limited to simple mechanical or chemical aspects of the implant problem. We offer as an apology the fact that biomaterials engineering is still to a great extent an empirical discipline that is complicated by many unknowns associated with the human body. In recognition of that fact, we have endeavored to describe both the successes and the failures in the use of materials in the human body. Also included are many photographs and illustrations of implants and devices as an aid to visualization.
Rezensionen / Stimmen
From a review of the first edition:
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The author has provided a well-written review of the major areas to be covered by anyone entering this field...a useful text for students, engineers, scientists, and surgeons wishing to explore this field.
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Journal of Metals
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Illustrationen
250 s/w Abbildungen
XIII, 394 p. 250 illus.
ISBN-13
978-1-4757-2156-0 (9781475721560)
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4757-2156-0
Schweitzer Klassifikation
1 Introduction to Biomaterials.- 1.1. Historical Background.- 1.2. Performance of Biomaterials.- Problems.- Symbols/Definitions.- 2 The Structure of Solids.- 2.1. Atomic Bonding.- 2.2. Crystal Structure.- 2.3. Imperfections in Crystalline Structures.- 2.4. Long-Chain Molecular Compounds (Polymers).- 2.5. Supercooled and Network Solids.- 2.6. Composite Material Structure.- Problems.- Symbols/ Definitions.- 3 Characterization of Materials I.- 3.1. Mechanical Properties.- 3.2. Thermal Properties.- 3.3. Phase Diagrams.- 3.4. Strengthening by Heat Treatments.- 3.5. Surface Properties and Adhesion.- Problems.- Symbols/Definitions.- 4 Characterization of Materials II.- 4.1. Electrical Properties.- 4.2. Optical Properties.- 4.3. X-Ray Absorption.- 4.4. Density and Porosity.- 4.5. Acoustic and Ultrasonic Properties.- 4.6. Diffusion Properties.- Problems.- Symbols/Definitions.- 5 Metallic Implant Materials.- 5.1. Stainless Steels.- 5.2. Co-Based Alloys.- 5.3. Ti and Ti-Based Alloys.- 5.4. Dental Metals.- 5.5. Other Metals.- 5.6. Corrosion of Metallic Implants.- Problems.- Symbols/Definitions.- 6 Ceramic Implant Materials.- 6.1. Structure-Property Relationship of Ceramics.- 6.2. Aluminum Oxides.- 6.3. Calcium Phosphate.- 6.4. Glass-Ceramics.- 6.5. Other Ceramics.- 6.6. Carbons.- 6.7. Deterioration of Ceramics.- Problems.- Definitions.- 7 Polymeric Implant Materials.- 7.1. Polymerization.- 7.2. Effect of Structural Modification and Temperature on Properties.- 7.3. Polymeric Implant Materials.- 7.4. High-Strength Thermoplastics.- 7.5. Deterioration of Polymers.- Problems.- Definitions.- 8 Composites as Biomaterials.- 8.1. Structure.- 8.2. Mechanics of Composites.- 8.3. Applications of Composite Biomaterials.- Problems.- Symbols/ Definitions.- 9 Structure-Property Relationships of Biological Materials.- 9.1. Proteins.- 9.2. Polysaccharides.- 9.3. Structure-Property Relationship of Tissues.- Problems.- Symbols/Definitions.- 10 Tissue Response to Implants.- 10.1. Normal Wound Healing Process.- 10.2. Body Response to Implants.- 10.3. Blood Compatibility.- 10.4. Carcinogenicity.- Problems.- Definitions.- 11 Soft Tissue Replacement I: Sutures, Skin, and Maxillofacial Implants.- 11.1. Sutures, Surgical Tapes, and Adhesives.- 11.2. Percutaneous and Skin Implants.- 11.3. Maxillofacial and Other Soft-Tissue Augmentation.- Problems.- Definitions.- 12 Soft Tissue Replacement II: Blood-Interfacing Implants.- 12.1. Vascular Implants.- 12.2. Heart Valve Implants.- 12.3. Heart and Lung Assist Devices.- 12.4. Artificial Organs.- Problems.- Definitions.- 13 Hard Tissue Replacement I: Long Bone Repair.- 13.1. Wires, Pins, and Screws.- 13.2. Fracture Plates.- 13.3. Intramedullary Devices.- 13.4. Spinal Fixation Devices.- 13.5. Fracture Healing by Electrical and Electromagnetic Stimulation.- Problems.- Definitions.- 14 Hard Tissue Replacement II: Joints and Teeth.- 14.1. Joint Replacements.- 14.2. Dental Implants.- 14.3. Interface Problems in Orthopedic Implants.- Problems.- Definitions.- 15 Transplants.- 15.1. Overview.- 15.2. Immunological Considerations.- 15.3. Blood Transfusions.- 15.4. Individual Organs.- 15.5. Regeneration.- 15.6. Ethical Considerations.- Problems.- Definitions.- References.- Appendixes.- Appendix I: Physical Constants and Conversions.- Appendix II: SI Units.- Appendix III: Common Prefixes.- Appendix IV: Properties of Selected Elements.- Appendix V: Properties of Selected Engineering Materials (20°C).- Name Index.
