Smoking Prevention and Cessation

Chapter 1:From nicotine dependence to motivation to stop smoking.- 1.1Introduction: Denial and Delay.- 1.2Tobacco and nicotine.- 1.2.1What is Nicotine?.- 1.3Addiction and Nicotine addiction.- 1.4Nicotine withdrawal.- 1.5How to measure nicotine dependence.- 1.5.1Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire.- 1.5.2Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence.- 1.6Motivation to stop smoking.- Chapter 2:State of the art of smoking habits in the world.- 2.1 Introduction: the tobacco epidemic.- 2.2 Data on incidence, prevalence, by gender, age-groups, ethnic groups.- 2.2.1 Tobacco consumption by gender and adults in the six major regions of the world.- 2.2.2 Tobacco consumption by adolescents in the six major regions of the world.- 2.2.3 Ethnic groups.- 2.3 Passive smoking.- 2.3.1 Secondhand smoking.- 2.3.2 Thirdhand smoking.- Chapter 3:Smoking-related diseases epidemiology.- 3.1Introduction.- 3.2 Cardiovascular diseases.- 3.2.1 Coronary Heart Disease.- 3.2.2 Hypertension.- 3.2.3 Cerebro-Vascular Disease.- 3.2.4 Aortic Aneurism.- 3.3 Respiratory diseases.- 3.3.1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).- 3.3.2 Chronic Bronchitis.- 3.3.3 Emphysema.- 3.3.4 Asthma.- 3.4 Cancers: main smoking-related cancers.- 3.4.1 Lung Cancer.- 3.4.2 Cancer of the Larynx.- 3.4.3 Cancer of the Oesophagus.- 3.4.4 Lower urinary tract.- 3.4.5 Pancreatic Cancer.- 3.4.6 Stomach Cancer.- 3.4.7 Breast Cancer.- 3.4 Other diseases.- 3.4.1 Acne.- 3.4.2 Low Birth Weight.- 3.4.3 Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).- 3.4.4. Maculophaty.- 3.4.5 Smoking related allergy.- 3.4.6 Early Menopause.- Chapter 4 Smoking -related cancer epidemiology.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Cancers: main smoking-related cancers.- 4.3 Lung Cancer.- 4.4 Cancer of the Larynx.- 4.5 Cancer of the Esophagus.- 4.6 Lower urinary tract.- 4.7Pancreatic Cancer.- 4.8 Stomach Cancer.- 4.9 Breast Cancer.- Chapter 5 Classical determinants of smoking initiation.-5.1Introduction.-5.2 The role of the family.- 5.3The peer.-5.3.1PeerSocialization.- 5.3.2 Peer Selection.- 5.4The society.- 5.5Personal characteristics.- Chapter 6: Smoking prevention 6.1Introduction -Smoking prevention at school.- 6.1.1.Data on incidence and prevalence among adolescents.- 6.1.2Smoking prevention interventions at school.- 6.1.3Community interventions.-6.1.4Evidence-based recommendations and guidelines.- 6.2Smoking prevention in the workplace-Introduction.- 6.2.1Data on incidence and prevalence among workers.- 6.2.2Workplace interventions for smoking cessation.- 6.2.3Smoking-free workplace legislation.- 6.3Smoke free legislation.- Chapter 7.- 7.1Mass Media campaigns.- 7.1.1Mass Media campaigns definition.- 7.1.2The use of mass media campaigns in Public Health.- 7.1.3Identifying the target audience.- 7.1.4Characteristics of the message: design, contents, emotional appeal and source.- 7.1.5Dissemination strategy and channel characteristics.- 7.2Mass Media campaigns in smoking prevention strategies.- 7.2.1Formative research, theory and evaluation.- 7.2.2 Audience segmentation.- 7.2.3Message appeal, contents, format and tone.- 7.2.4Channel selection and message placement.- 7.3Overview of the theoretical approaches of tobacco control mass media campaigns.- 7.3.1Input-output persuasion model.- 7.3.2Health beliefs model.- 7.3.3Theory of reasoned action (Theory of planned behavior).- 7.3.4Integrative model of behavior change.- 7.3.5Trans-theoretical model (or State of Changes).- 7.3.6Social learning (cognitive) theory (Bandura A. 1977).- 7.4Mass Media Campaigns: overview of scientific evidence.- 7.4.1Overview of scientific literature.- 7.4.2Effectiveness, opportunities and shortcomings of mass media campaigns in preventing smoking initiation.- 7.4.3Characteristics of Effective Mass Media Campaigns.- 7.4.4Expert conclusions on Mass Media Public Education Campaigns.- 7.4.5Identified research gaps.- 7.5Mass Media Campaigns: evidence into practice.- 7.5.1Main umbrella organizations involved (e.g.WHO,EU. OECD).- 7.5.2TheWorld Health Organization.- 7.5.3The European community.- 7.5.4Main National Public Health Agencies, including guidance/best practices delivery agencies.- 7.6Smoking Prevention: Mass Media campaigns worldwide.- 7.6.1Worldwide Mass Media campaigns targeted at general population and at specific demographic groups .- Chapter 8:How to tackle smoking at the population level.- 8.1The Tobacco free Framework.- 8.2EU legislation on tobacco.- 8.3Package advertising.- Chapter 9:Smoking among health professionals .- 9.1Introduction.- 9.2Smoking among Medical doctors.- 9.3Smoking Prevalence among Nurses.- 9.4Public awareness about smoking habits among Health Professionals.- 9.5Smoking among health profession students.- Chapter 10:Basic principles of smoking cessation techniques.- 10.1Introduction.- 10.2Transtheoretical approach Model (TTM).- 10.2.1Precontemplation.- 10.2.2Contemplation.-10.2.3Preparation.- 10.2.4Action.- 10.2.5Maintenance.- 10.3What is counseling?.- 10.3.1Counseling for Smoking Cessation.- 10.3.2Administrative aspects of counseling.- 10.4The 5 A's and 3A's approaches.- 10.4.15A's.- 10.4.23A's.- 10.5The evidence of counseling.- 10.6Medication for drug cessation 10.6.1First-line medications.- 10.6.1.1Nicotine Replacement Medications.- 10.6.1.2 Products not containing Nicotine.- 10.6.1.3The evidence of efficacy of first-line medications.- Chapter 11.- Smoking cessation among different settings.- 11.1Smoking cessation in the general population.- 11.2Smoking cessation in the clinical setting.- 11.3Smoking cessation in the workplace.- 11.4Smoking cessation among healthcare professionals.- 11.4.1Introduction.- 11.4.2The key role of health care providers in smoking cessation.- 11.4.3Prevalence of tobacco consumption among health care professionals.- 11.4.4Implementation of smoking cessation strategies: a review of current scientific literature.- 11.4.5Compared efficacy of various smoking cessation interventions.- 11.4.6Conclusions.- Chapter 12.-12.1Introduction.- 12.2The Allen Carr book on "How to quit smoking".- 12.3Information on the Web.- 12.4Web-based courses.- Chapter 13:Ethical aspects of tobacco smoking.-13.1Tobacco- smoking and public awareness : What Are the Risks?.- 13.1.1 Tobacco is not just killing smokers.- 13.1.2Do Smokers Voluntarily Accept the Risks?.- 13.2Individual rights.- 13.2.1Types and importance of individual rights: public health and other perspectives.- 13.2.2Human Rights.- 13.2.3Assumption: the Concept of "Public Health".- 13.3Bioethical basis for global tobacco control.- 13.3.2Principles of bioethics.- 13.3.3Political outcomes.- 13.3.4Legal Paternalism, Nanny-statism, and the Defense of Public Health against Environmental Tobacco Smoke.- 13.3.5Social action: Is there a 'right' to advertise?.- 13.3.6Tobacco taxation and public health: ethical problems, policy responses.- 13.3.7Restrictions on smoking in public places.- 13.3.8Education, information and physician's responsibility in promoting the patient's health in the community, strongly supported by ethical arguments grounded in medical professionalism.- 13.4Burden of disease attributable to tobacco use and Tobacco-related costs.- Chapter 14:Economic issues related to tobacco smoking.- 14.1Production and supply of tobacco products.- 14.1.1Growing and manufacturing tobacco.- 14.1.2The costs of production.- 14.1.3Tobacco growing and manufacturing external effects.- 14.1.4Production policies.- 14.2Selling strategies and demand of tobacco products.- 14.2.1Models of demand for tobacco products.- 14.2.2Imperfectly rational addiction models.- 14.2.3Myopic rational addiction models.- 14.2.4Rational addiction.- 14.2.5Behavioral models.- 14.2.6Policy issues: prices, taxation and incentives.- 14.2.7Advertising.- 14.2.8Market diversification and emerging markets.- 14.3Caring for smoking related illnesses.