Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Green Applications

Name: Carbon-based Nanomaterials for Green Applications
Brand: Wiley
Price: 134.99 EUR
Availability: OnlineOnly

Upendra Kumar Piyush Kumar Sonkar Suman Lata Tripathi(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley (Verlag)

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 31. Dezember 2024

1016 Seiten

E-Book

ePUB mit Adobe-DRM

Systemvoraussetzungen

978-1-394-24340-2 (ISBN)

134,99 €inkl. 7% MwSt.

Systemvoraussetzungen

für ePUB mit Adobe-DRM

E-Book Einzellizenz

Als Download verfügbar

Beschreibung

Weitere Details

Weitere Ausgaben

Personen

Inhalt

Cover
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
About the Editors
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Green Energy: An Introduction, Present, and Future Prospective
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Present Status of Green Energy
1.3 Global Renewable Energy Capacity
1.4 Leading Green Energy Technologies
1.5 Challenges in Green Energy Adoption
1.6 Prospects of Green Energy
1.7 Sustainable Practices in Green Energy
1.8 Case Studies of Successful Green Energy Projects
1.9 Policy and Regulatory Framework for Green Energy
1.10 Opportunities and Challenges in the Evolution to a Green Energy Future
1.10.1 Opportunities
1.10.2 Challenges
1.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2 Properties of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Techniques for Characterization
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Carbon Nanotubes
2.1.2 Graphene
2.1.3 Graphene Oxide
2.1.4 Fullerenes
2.2 Significance in Green Energy
2.2.1 Energy Storage
2.2.2 Solar Energy
2.2.3 Catalysis and Fuel Cells
2.2.4 Thermal Management
2.2.5 Environmental Remediation
2.3 Techniques for Characterization of Properties of Carbon Nanomaterials
2.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
2.3.2 Thermal Conductivity
2.3.3 Mechanical Strength
2.3.4 Surface Area Characterization
2.3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.3.6 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
2.3.7 Transmission Electron Microscopy
2.3.8 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy
2.3.9 Atomic Force Microscopy
2.3.10 Raman Spectroscopy
2.3.11 Photoluminescence
2.3.12 Time-Resolved Photoluminescence
2.3.13 Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.3.14 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
2.3.15 UV-Vis-NIR Spectroscopy
2.3.16 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2.3.17 Small Angle X-ray Scattering
2.3.18 X-ray Diffraction Analysis
2.3.19 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
2.3.20 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
2.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 Green Energy: Present and Future Prospectives
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Systematic Review Survey Reports
3.2 Sustainable Energy Resources
3.2.1 Wind Energy
3.2.1.1 Applications of Wind Turbine Systems
3.2.1.2 Advantages of Wind Energy
3.2.1.3 Disadvantages of Wind Energy
3.2.1.4 Future Prospectives and Challenges
3.2.2 Solar Energy
3.2.2.1 Applications of Solar Energy
3.2.2.2 Advantages of Solar Energy
3.2.2.3 Disadvantages of Solar Energy
3.2.2.4 Future Prospectives and Challenges
3.2.3 Biomass
3.2.3.1 Applications of Biomass
3.2.3.2 Benefits and Disadvantages of Biomass
3.2.3.3 Future Prospectives and Challenges
3.2.4 Geothermal Energy
3.2.4.1 Applications and Future Prospectives
3.2.5 Hydropower
3.2.6 Tidal and Wave Energy
3.2.6.1 Tidal Power
3.2.6.2 Wave Power
3.2.6.3 Benefits of Tidal and Wave Energy Systems
3.2.6.4 Challenges of Tidal and Wave Energy Systems
3.3 Non-Sustainable Energy Resources
3.3.1 Fossil Fuels
3.3.2 Atomic Energy
3.4 Existing Green Energy Models
3.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Carbon-Based 2D Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Green Energy Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis of Graphene and Its Derivatives
4.2.1 Graphene-Based 2D Materials
4.2.2 Graphene
4.2.3 Graphene Oxide
4.2.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide
4.2.5 Graphitic Carbon Nitride
4.2.5.1 g-CN-ThinFilm
4.2.5.2 Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-CN)-PowderForm
4.2.5.3 Thin Film of g-CN
4.3 Properties of g-CN
4.3.1 Morphologvical Properties
4.3.2 Band Gap
4.3.3 Other Properties
4.4 Applications of g-CN
4.4.1 g-CN Role in Organic Solar Cells
4.4.2 g-CN Role in Perovskite Solar Cells
4.4.3 g-CN Role in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
4.4.4 g-CN Role as a Photocatalyst
4.4.5 g-CN-Sensing Applications
4.4.6 g-CN Environmental Applications
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 Exploring the Potential of Graphene in Sustainable Energy Solutions
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Usage of Graphene in Various Sectors
5.3 Implicit Operations of Graphene in the Renewable Energy Sector
5.3.1 Battery Technology
5.3.2 Touchscreen
5.3.3 Integrated Circuits
5.3.4 Flexible Memory
5.3.5 Solar Power Generation
5.3.6 Photovoltaic Cells
5.3.7 Solar Cells
5.3.8 Lithium-Ion Batteries
5.3.9 Supercapacitors
5.3.10 Graphene Transistors
5.3.11 Graphene Semiconductors
5.3.12 Graphene Sensors
5.4 Catalysis
5.5 Renewable Energies
5.6 Nanotechnology
5.7 Conclusion
Chapter 6 Fullerene for Green Hydrogen Energy Application
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Green Hydrogen Energy
6.3 Fullerene as a Hydrogen Storage Material
6.4 Size Effect of Fullerene and Hydrogen Storage Efficiency
6.5 Functionalized Fullerene, Chemical Structure, and Its Hydrogen Storage Performance
6.5.1 Boron
6.5.2 Phosphorene or Black Phosphorus
6.5.3 Hexagonal Boron Nitride
6.5.4 Silicene
6.5.5 Carbon Nanotubes
6.5.6 Graphene
6.5.7 Ferrocene
6.5.8 MoS2
6.5.9 Organometallic Framework
6.6 Charged Fullerene as Hydrogen Storage System
6.7 Hydrogen Storage in Hydro- or Hydrogenated Fullerene
6.8 Conclusions and Future Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7 Graphyne-Based Carbon Nanomaterials for Green Energy Applications
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Structural Aspects of Graphyne
7.2 Graphyne-Based Carbon Nanomaterials for Green Energy Applications
7.2.1 Mechanisms Involved in Growth, Doping, Energy Storage, and Conversion Involving Graphyne
7.3 Fuel Cells
7.3.1 Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Catalyst for Hydrogen Fuel Cells or Metal-Air Batteries (MABs)
7.3.2 Lithium-Ion and Lithium-Metal Batteries
7.3.3 Supercapacitors
7.3.4 Wind Energy
7.4 Solar Energy
7.5 Wastewater Treatment
7.6 Perspectives and Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8 Mesoporous Carbon for Green Energy Applications
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Recent Advances in Synthetic Techniques
8.2.1 Hard Template Technique
8.2.1.1 Carbon Precursors
8.2.2 Soft Template Technique
8.3 Applications of Mesoporous Carbon
8.3.1 Applications in Lithium Batteries
8.3.2 Applications in Supercapacitors
8.3.3 Applications in Fuel Cells
8.4 Further Directions, Opportunities, and Challenges
8.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 9 Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots and Its Application in Hydrogen Generation Through Water Splitting
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Carbon Dots
9.3 Processes Used for Synthesis of CDs
9.3.1 Bottom-Up Synthesis Processes
9.3.1.1 Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Method
9.3.1.2 Sol-GelMethod
9.3.1.3 Microwave Irradiation
9.3.1.4 Carbonization Route
9.3.2 Top-Down Synthesis Processes
9.3.2.1 Laser Ablation
9.3.2.2 Arc Discharge
9.3.2.3 Chemical and Electrochemical Oxidation Methods
9.3.2.4 Ultrasonic Treatment
9.4 Green Synthesis of Carbon Dots
9.4.1 Biomass-Based Green Synthesis of CDs
9.4.1.1 Plant Waste-BasedGreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots
9.4.1.2 Animal Waste-BasedGreen Synthesis of CDs
9.5 Application of CDs in Water Splitting
9.5.1 Hydrogen Generation via Water Splitting (Photoreduction)
9.5.2 Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
9.6 Factors Affecting Characteristics of Nanomaterials of Carbon in Photocatalytic H2 Production
9.6.1 Doping
9.6.2 Defects
9.6.3 Dimensions
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Energy Storage Devices: Solar Cells
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Carbon Nanotubes
10.2.1 Synthesis Techniques Concerning Carbon Nanotubes
10.2.2 Carbon Nanotube Applications in Solar Cell Technology
10.2.2.1 Transparent Conductive Electrodes
10.2.2.2 Charge Transport Materials
10.2.2.3 Enhanced Electron Transport
10.2.2.4 Improved Charge Collection
10.2.2.5 Transparency and Flexibility
10.2.2.6 Lightweight and Flexible Design
10.2.2.7 Tunable Aspects of Optics
10.2.2.8 Durability and Longevity
10.2.2.9 Compatibility with Other Materials
10.2.2.10 Scalability
10.2.3 Recent Advancements and Challenges
10.2.3.1 Recent Advancements
10.2.3.2 Challenges
10.3 Graphene
10.3.1 Synthesis Techniques
10.3.2 Utilizing Graphene in Solar Cell Applications
10.3.2.1 Transparent Conductive Electrodes
10.3.2.2 Charge Transport Layers
10.3.2.3 Light-HarvestingEnhancements
10.3.3 Recent Advancements and Challenges
10.3.3.1 Recent Advancements
10.3.3.2 Challenges
10.4 Carbon Dots
10.4.1 Synthesis Techniques
10.4.2 Applications of Solar Cell Carbon Dots
10.4.2.1 Light Harvesting and Sensitization
10.4.2.2 Charge Separation and Transport of Electrons
10.4.2.3 Energy Storage and Electrochemical Applications
10.4.3 Recent Advancements and Challenges
10.4.3.1 Recent Advancements
10.4.3.2 Challenges
10.5 The Future of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Solar Cell Technology
10.5.1 Enhanced Light Harvesting and Absorption
10.5.2 Improved Charge Transport and Collection
10.5.3 Enhanced Stability and Durability
10.5.4 Scalable Synthesis and Manufacturing
10.5.5 Integration with New Advances in Solar Cell Technology
10.5.6 Environmental Sustainability and Cost-Effectiveness
10.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Energy Storage Devices: Fuel Cells and Biofuel Cells
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials' Function in Energy Storage
11.3 Carbon Nanotube-Based Materials for Use in Batteries
11.4 Carbon Nanotube Varieties
11.4.1 Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)
11.4.2 Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)
11.4.2.1 Chirality
11.5 Carbon Nanoparticles
11.5.1 Supercapacitors
11.5.2 Batteries
11.5.3 Fuel Cells
11.5.4 Hybrid Energy Storage Systems
11.5.5 Quantum Dots
11.6 Carbon Nanosheets
11.7 Biofuels
11.7.1 Biofuel Classification
11.7.1.1 Biogas
11.7.2 Background of Biofuel
11.8 Morphological and Evolutionary Characteristics of Enzyme-Based Biofuels
11.8.1 Mediated Electron Transfer
11.8.1.1 NAD+-DependentEnzymes
11.8.2 Direct Electron Transfer
11.9 Immobilization of Enzymes
11.9.1 Adsorption/Carrier-Binding Method
11.9.2 Covalent Bonding
11.9.3 Affinity Immobilization
11.9.4 Entanglement
11.9.5 Ionic Binding
11.9.6 Immobilization Associated with Metals
11.10 Graphene and CNT Applications in Fuel Cells
11.10.1 Comparative Performance Analysis of Existing Fuel Cell
11.11 Conclusion
11.12 Expected Future Application of Fuel Cells and Biofuel Cells
11.13 Future Applications
References
Chapter 12 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Energy Storage Devices: Supercapacitors
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Graphene Supercapacitors as Energy Storage Devices
12.2 Carbon Nanotube
12.2.1 Functioning of the CNT Detectors
12.3 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
12.3.1 Applications of Functionalized CNTs
12.3.2 Precursor Features
12.4 Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) Synthesis
12.4.1 Synthesis of rGO-FCNT Hybrid
12.5 Characterization
12.5.1 Preparation of Electrodes and Cells
12.5.2 Input Parameters for Analysis
12.6 Results and Discussion
12.6.1 Raman Analysis
12.6.2 Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
12.6.3 FTIR Analysis
12.6.4 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
12.6.5 Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis
12.7 Applied Electrochemistry
12.7.1 Galvanostatic Charge Discharge
12.7.2 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)
12.8 Conclusions
12.9 Future Scope
References
Chapter 13 A Review of Effective Biomass, Chemical, Recycling and Storage Processes for Electrical Energy Generations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Bio-Raw Materials and Utility
13.3 Biomass Energy Conversion Techniques
13.3.1 Thermochemical Conversion
13.3.1.1 Combustion
13.3.1.2 Biomass Pyrolysis
13.3.1.3 Gasification
13.3.2 Chemicval Conversion
13.3.2.1 Transesterification
13.3.3 Biochemical Conversion
13.3.3.1 Anaerobic Digestion
13.3.3.2 Fermentation
13.3.4 Bioelectrochemical Conversion
13.3.4.1 Microbial Fuel Cells
13.3.4.2 Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs)
13.4 Application Areas of Biomass Energy
13.5 Comparative Analysis of Modern Biomass Energy Conversion Techniques
13.6 Optimization Techniques for Effective Biomass Conversion and Supply Chain Management
13.7 Government Policies and Marketing Strategies
13.8 Applications of Biomass Energy and Biomass Products
13.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 14 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Pollutants' Treatment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Allotropic Forms of Carbonaceous Nanomaterials
14.3 Synergistic Approaches for Carbonaceous Materials
14.4 Role of Carbonaceous Materials in Environmental Remediation
14.4.1 Removal of Air Pollutants
14.4.2 Removal of Water Pollutants
14.4.3 Soil Remediation
14.5 Environmental Impact of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
14.6 Conclusions: Technological Challenges and Future Prospects
Conflicts of Interest
Authors' Contributions
References
Chapter 15 Carbon Nanomaterials for Detection and Degradation of Wastewater Inorganic Pollutants: Present Status and Future Prospects
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Properties of Carbon Nanomaterials
15.3 Common Types of Carbon Nanomaterials
15.3.1 Carbon Nanotubes
15.3.2 Carbon Nanofibers
15.3.3 Graphitic Carbon Nitride
15.3.4 Activated Carbon
15.3.5 Nanoporous Carbons
15.3.6 Graphene in Wastewater Treatment
15.4 Elimination of Inorganic Contaminants from Wastewater
15.4.1 Adsorption
15.4.2 Catalysis
15.4.2.1 Photocatalysis
15.4.2.2 Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation
15.4.3 Antimicrobial and Antibiofouling Activities
15.4.4 Desalination
15.5 Carbon Nanomaterials for Sensing and Monitoring
15.6 Limitations
15.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 16 Role of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in CO2 Reduction and Capture Reaction Process
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Parameters Affecting Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction
16.2.1 Onset Potential
16.2.2 Overpotential ()
16.2.3 Current Density ( j )
16.2.4 Faradaic Efficiency (FE)
16.2.5 Tafel Analysis
16.2.6 Turnover Frequency (TOF) and Turnover Number (TON)
16.3 CO2 ECR-Derived Products
16.4 Plausible Mechanism for ECR of CO2
16.4.1 Pathways for the Formation of C1 Products
16.4.1.1 Production of Formic Acid and Formate
16.4.1.2 Formation of Carbon Monoxide (CO)
16.4.1.3 Formation of Methane (CH4), Formaldehyde (HCHO), and Methanol (CH3OH)
16.4.2 Pathways for the Production of C2+ Products
16.4.2.1 Formation of Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), Ethanol (C2H5OH), and Ethene (C2H4)
16.4.2.2 Formation of Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)
16.4.2.3 Formation of Acetone (CH3COCH3) and n-propanol(CH3CH2CH2OH)
16.5 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in CO2 Reduction
16.5.1 Applications of Various Metal-Free Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in CO2 Reduction
16.5.1.1 Carbon Nanofibers
16.5.1.2 Carbon Nanotubes
16.5.1.3 Nanoporous Carbon
16.5.1.4 Graphene
16.5.1.5 Nanodiamond
16.5.2 Applications of Various Metal-Carbon Composite Nanomaterials in CO2 Reduction
16.6 Imminent Challenges
16.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 Application of Carbon Nanomaterials in CO2 Capture and Reduction
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Different Types of Carbon Nanomaterials
17.2.1 Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials
17.2.2 One-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials
17.2.3 Two-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials
17.2.4 Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials
17.2.5 Other Carbon Nanomaterials
17.2.5.1 Fullerenes: Spherical Marvels
17.2.5.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs): Cylindrical Wonders
17.2.5.3 Graphene: The Thinnest Marvel
17.2.5.4 Nanodiamonds: The Small,Shining Gems
17.2.5.5 Carbon Nanohorns: Horn-Shaped Marvels
17.3 Applications in CO2 Management: Leveraging Unique Properties
17.4 CO2 Capture
17.4.1 The Imperative for CO2 Capture Technologies
17.4.2 Carbon Nanomaterials: Building Blocks for Capture
17.4.3 High Surface Area and Porosity: Key Features for CO2 Adsorption
17.4.4 Nanoscale Efficiency: Enhanced CO2 Capture
17.4.5 Tailoring Surface Chemistry for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption
17.4.6 Dual Functionality
17.4.6.1 From Capture to Conversion
17.5 Catalytic Conversion of CO2: Nanomaterials as Agents of Change
17.5.1 The Paradigm Shift: From Pollutant to Resource
17.5.2 Carbon Nanomaterials as Catalysts: Unlocking Potential
17.5.3 Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Harnessing Electrical Energy
17.5.4 Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Harvesting Solar Energy
17.5.5 Metal Nanoparticles on Graphene: Catalysts for Sustainable CO2 Conversion
17.5.5.1 Tunable Catalytic Activity
17.5.5.2 Enhanced Electron Transfer
17.5.5.3 Stability and Durability
17.5.6 Selective CO2 Reduction: Tailoring Products for Specific Applications
17.5.6.1 Methane Production
17.5.6.2 Ethylene Synthesis
17.5.6.3 Carbon Monoxide Generation
17.5.7 Challenges and Future Directions
17.5.7.1 Catalyst Efficiency
17.5.7.2 Reaction Selectivity
17.5.7.3 Scalability and Practical Applications
17.5.7.4 Environmental Impact
17.5.7.5 Cross-DisciplinaryCollaboration
17.6 Challenges and Future Directions
17.6.1 Scalability of Production Processes
17.6.2 Long-Term Stability of Nanomaterials
17.6.3 Economic Viability
17.7 Future Directions
17.7.1 Optimization of Synthesis and Engineering
17.7.2 Exploration of Novel Catalytic Mechanisms
17.7.3 Fundamental Interactions between Nanomaterials and CO2
17.7.4 Integration of Nanomaterials into Multi-Functional Systems
17.7.5 Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessments
17.7.6 Collaboration and Interdisciplinary Research
17.8 Conclusion
References
Chapter 18 Industrial Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Different Forms of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
18.3 Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials
18.3.1 Biomedical Industry
18.3.1.1 Biosensors
18.3.1.2 Drug Delivery
18.3.1.3 Biomedicine
18.3.1.4 Imaging
18.3.2 Energy Storage Industry
18.3.2.1 Batteries
18.3.2.2 Supercapacitors
18.3.2.3 Hydrogen Storage
18.3.3 Electronic Industry
18.3.3.1 Field-EffectTransistors and Digital Electronics
18.3.3.2 Wearable Electronics
18.3.3.3 Display Technology
18.3.4 Food Industry
18.3.4.1 Food Processing
18.3.4.2 Food Safety
18.3.4.3 Food Packaging
18.3.5 Aerospace Industry
18.3.5.1 Spacecraft and Satellite Applications
18.3.5.2 Commercial Aircraft Applications
18.3.5.3 Military Aircraft Applications
18.3.5.4 Rotorcraft Applications
18.3.5.5 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Applications
18.3.6 Environmental and Agricultural Sectors
18.3.6.1 Environmental Applications
18.3.6.2 Agricultural Applications
18.3.7 Automotive Industry
18.3.8 Green Energy Applications
18.4 Challenges
18.5 Conclusions and Future Scope
Acknowledgment
Declarations
Funding
References
Chapter 19 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Their Green Energy Applications: Carbon Nanotubes
19.1 Introduction
19.1.1 Carbon Nanomaterials
19.1.2 Fullerenes (C60)
19.1.3 Carbon Nanotubes
19.1.4 Graphene
19.2 Synthesis of CNTs
19.2.1 Plasma-Based Synthesis
19.2.2 Thermal-Based Synthesis
19.3 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes
19.3.1 Mechanical Properties of CNTs
19.3.2 Electrical Properties of CNTs
19.3.3 Thermal Properties of CNTs
19.3.4 Optical Properties of CNTs
19.3.5 Chemical Properties of CNTs
19.4 Green Energy Applications of CNTs
19.4.1 Supercapacitors
19.4.2 HER
19.4.3 OER
19.4.4 ORR
19.4.5 Electrochemical Sensors
19.5 Challenges Associated with CNTs
19.5.1 Synthesis and Purity
19.5.2 Scaling Up Production
19.5.3 Functionalization and Dispersion
19.5.4 Electrode Fabrication
19.5.5 Chemical and Environmental Stability
19.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 20 Carbon-Based Nanoparticles as Visible-Light Photocatalysts
20.1 Introduction
20.1.1 Application of Green Energy
20.1.2 Importance of Photocatalytic Technique
20.1.3 Importance of Nanotechnology in Visible Light Photocatalysis
20.2 Mechanism of Photocatalysis
20.2.1 Oxidation Mechanism
20.2.2 Reductive Mechanism
20.3 Classification of Nanomaterials
20.4 Types of Carbon-Based Nanoparticles
20.5 Application of CNPs as Photocatalysts
20.5.1 Photocatalytic Splitting of Water for Hydrogen Production
20.5.1.1 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Splitting of Water
20.5.2 Photodegradation of Organic Pollutants
20.5.2.1 Mechanism of Photocatalytic Degradation
20.5.2.2 Factors Influencing Degradation of Organic Pollutants by g-C3N4/CQDs
20.6 Conclusions
20.7 Future Scope
References
Chapter 21 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials in Day-to-Day Human Life
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Utilization of CNPs in Medical Services
21.2.1 Pathological Condition Detections
21.2.1.1 Detection Relying on Adsorption of Metabolites
21.2.1.2 Bioimaging by Photoacoustics
21.2.1.3 Protection from Penetration Power of X-Rays
21.2.1.4 Changing Dynamic State by Photodynamic Therapy
21.2.1.5 Temperature-InducedTransformations Through Photothermal Treatment
21.2.1.6 Raising Immune Responses by Vaccination
21.2.1.7 Generation of Artificial Tissue Implants
21.2.1.8 Engineering Tissues and Tissue Metabolites
21.2.1.9 Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Approaches
21.3 Applications Pertaining to Electrical and Electronics Sectors
21.3.1 Radar Waves Absorption by CNPs
21.3.2 Nanoparticles Implanted on Chip
21.3.3 Developing Nanosensors
21.3.3.1 Gas Phase Nanosensors
21.3.3.2 Optical Detection Nanosensors
21.3.4 Light-Emitting Diode Screens Implanted With Nanomaterials
21.3.5 Conserving Charge via Nanobatteries
21.4 Applications Pertaining to Wind and Solar Energies
21.4.1 The Charge Held by Nanomaterials as Supercapacitors
21.4.2 Energy Conservation by Fuel Cells
21.4.3 Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Run for Electric Vehicles
21.5 Application Pertaining to Food Industry Sector
21.5.1 Nanoencapsulation: An Approach to Increasing Shelf-Life
21.5.2 Nanoemulsification: An Aid to Food Digestion
21.5.3 Nanomaterial Levels in Food Packaging
21.5.3.1 Type 1: Active Packaging
21.5.3.2 Type 2: Intelligent and Responsive Packaging
21.5.3.3 Type 3: Smart Packaging
21.6 Nanoparticles Operating Within Soil
21.6.1 Clay Particles
21.6.2 Humic Substances: Humidifying Agents in Soil
21.6.3 Fulvic Acids: A Response Toward Soil Salinity
21.7 Agricultural Aspects of Nanomaterials
21.8 Nanomaterials Bringing Out Latest Revolutions
21.8.1 Fuel of Nucleotide Triphosphates (NTPs)
21.8.2 Hybridization of Nanomaterials to Achieve Sustainability
21.8.3 Membranous Carbon Nanotubes Role in Removing the Micro-Pollutants
21.8.4 Drug Delivery Targeting to Malignant Neurons
21.8.5 DNA Origami Nanoturbine and Nanomotor Revolutions
21.8.5.1 Nanoturbines and Generation of Mini-Multi-Powers
21.8.5.2 Induction of Power Performance of Potassium-Ion Batteries
21.9 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Index
EULA

List of Contributors

R. Adharsh
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
India

Satadal Adhikary
Post Graduate Department of Zoology
A. B. N. Seal College
Cooch Behar, West Bengal
India

Seraj Ahmad
CMP Degree College
University of Allahabad
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
India

P. K. Ahluwalia
Department of Physics
Himachal Pradesh University
Shimla, Himachal Pradesh
India

Mohammad Imran Ahmad
Department of Chemistry
Integral University
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
India

Manoj Singh Adhikari
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab
India

Ruchika Agarwal
Department of Animal Science
Kazi Nazrul University
Asansol, West Bengal
India

S. Allirani
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
India

Akram Ali
CMP Degree College
University of Allahabad
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
India

Himanshu Arora
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences
University of Allahabad
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
India

Krishan Arora
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab
India

Parvez Ahmed Alvi
Department of Physical Sciences
Banasthali Vidyapith
Banasthali, Rajasthan
India

Irtiqa Amin
Department of Computer Application
Doctoral Scholar School of Computer Application Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab
India

Quraazah Akeemu Amin
Division of Food Science and Technology
SKUAST Kashmir
Phagwara, Jammu and Kashmir
India

J. Anuradh
Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology
Nims University Rajasthan
Jaipur, Rajasthan
India

Suchandra Bhattacharya
Department of Chemistry
A. B. N. Seal College
Cooch Behar, West Bengal
India

Shikha Chander
Department of Chemistry
St. Francis College for Women
Hyderabad, Telangana
India

Manju Choudhary
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology
Banasthali Vidyapeeth
NewaniTonk, Rajasthan
India

Prachi Diwakar
Department of Physical Sciences
Banasthali Vidyapith
Banasthali, Rajasthan
India

Gaganpreet
Department of Physics
Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Sector 11
Chandigarh
India

Shivanshu Garg
Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
India

Abhratanu Ganguly
Department of Animal Science
Kazi Nazrul University
Asansol, West Bengal
India

Vellaichamy Ganesan
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Sohini Goswami
Department of Animal Science
Kazi Nazrul University
Asansol, West Bengal
India

Mandakini Gupta
Department of Chemistry
Sunbeam Women's College Varuna
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Kulsum Hashmi
Department of Chemistry
Isabella Thoburn College
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
India

G. Ilakkiya
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
India

Vikas Jangra
Department of Chemistry
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Department of Chemistry
MMV, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Seema Joshi
Department of Chemistry
Isabella Thoburn College
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
India

G. Kanthimathi
Department of Chemistry
Ramco Institute of Technology
Rajapalayam, Virudhunagar
Tamil Nadu
India

Pooja Kapoor
School of Basic and Applied Sciences
Maharaja Agrasen University
Baddi, Himachal Pradesh
India

Harpreet Kaur
DCA CGC Landran
Chandigarh, Punjab
India

Harpreet Kaur
Department of Chemistry
MMV, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

M. Karthik
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SRM Madurai College for Engineering and Technology
Pottapalayam, Tamil Nadu
India

Tahmeena Khan
Department of Chemistry
Integral University
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
India

Kahkashan Khatoon
CMP Degree College
University of Allahabad
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
India

Manish Kumar
Department of Chemistry, L.N.T. College
B.R.A. Bihar University
Muzaffarpur, Bihar
India

Sunil Kumar
Department of Chemistry, L.N.T. College
B.R.A. Bihar University
Muzaffarpur, Bihar
India

Narvadeswar Kumar
Department of Chemistry
MMV, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Manoj Kumar
CMP Degree College
University of Allahabad
Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
India

Celestine Lwendi
School of Creative Technologies
University of Bolton
Bolton
United Kingdom

Meenu Mangal
Department of Chemistry
Poddar International College
Jaipur, Rajasthan
India

Tola Jebssa Masho
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences
Wollega University
Nekemte
Ethiopia

Nidhi Mishra
Department of Applied Sciences
Indian Institute of Information Technology
Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh
India

Arumugam Murugan
Department of Chemistry
North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology
Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh
India

Pooja Nain
Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
India

Sayantani Nanda
Department of Animal Science
Kazi Nazrul University
Asansol, West Bengal
India

Chandra Mohan Singh Negi
Department of Physical Sciences
Banasthali Vidyapith
Banasthali, Rajasthan
India

Raju Patel
School of Electronics Engineering
Vellore Institute of Technology
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
India

Lal Bahadur Prasad
Department of Chemistry
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Y. Pathania
Department of Physics
DAV Post Graduate College
Sector 10, Chandigarh
India

Jai Prakash
Department of Chemistry
S. P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara)
Sasaram, Bihar
India

Himanshu Punetha
Department of Biochemistry
College of Basic Sciences & Humanities
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology
Pantnagar, Uttarakhand
India

Prem Rajak
Department of Animal Science
Kazi Nazrul University
Asansol, West Bengal
India

Natarajan Raman
Department of Chemistry
VHNSN College (Autonomous)
Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu
India

Vikram Rathour
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Saman Raza
Department of Chemistry
Isabella Thoburn College
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
India

S. Daphne Rebekal
Department of Chemistry
Sarah Tucker College
Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu
India

Malar Retna
Department of Chemistry
Scott Christian College (Autonomous)
Nagercoil, Tamil Nadu
India

Shippu Sachdeva
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab
India

Robin Kumar Samuel
Department of Chemistry
Good Shepherd College of Engineering and Technology
Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu
India

R. Sanjeevi
Nims Institute of Allied Medical Science and Technology
Nims University Rajasthan
Jaipur, Rajasthan
India

Minakshi Sharma
Department of Physics
Om Sterling Global University
Hisar, Haryana
India

Smita Singh
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Varsha Singh
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Manoj Sindhwani
School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab
India

Sonam Soni
Department of Chemistry
Sunbeam Women's College Varuna
Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
India

Piyush Kumar Sonkar
Department of Chemistry
MMV,...

Systemvoraussetzungen

Als PDF speichern Als Link merken