Endoscopic Procedures on the Spine

1.Spinal Endoscopy: Historical review & current applications.- 2. Currently available equipment details in the market.- Part 1 Cervical Spinal Endoscopy.- 3.Anatomical considerations.- 4.Ventrally approached cervical.- endoscopy.- 5. Posteriorly approached cervical endoscopy.- 6.Cervical endoscopy using Trans-corporeal Route.- Part 2. Thoracic Spinal Endoscopy.- 7.Anatomic considerations.- 8.Indications of thoracic spinal endoscopy - Background of thoracic disc herniation and endoscopic treatment.- 9.Posteriorly approached thoracic endoscopy & hybrid.- Part 3. Lumbar Spinal Endoscopy.- 10.Anatomical considerations.- 11.Indications.- 12.Transforaminal access during Lumbar Endoscopy.- 13. Modified endoscopic access for migrated and foraminal/extraforaminal disc herniation.- 14.Neural foramen decompression using transforaminal access.- 15.Percutaneous Full-endoscopic Interlaminar Lumbar Spine Surgery.- 16.Endoscopic effort to overcome anatomical barriers.- 17.Current limits and feasible future modifications of lumbar endoscopy.- Part 4. Endoscopic solutions for spinal canal stenosis.- 18.Full-endoscopic bilateral decompression of central lumbar spinal stenosis with an unilateral interlaminar approach.- 19.Percutaneous biportal endoscopic discectomy for lumbar disc herniation.- 20. Percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression for lumbar central stenosis and foraminal stenosis.- 21.Contralateral 'key-hole' endoscopic surgery.- 22.Spinal interbody fusion under endoscopic guidance.- Part 5. CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN (CLBP) MANAGEMENT USING SPINAL ENDOSCOPY.- 23.A percutaneous pain procedures using spinal endoscopy, controversies.- 24.Ablation of medial bundle branch under spinal endoscopy.- 25.Ablation of SI joint under spinal endoscopy.- Part 6. Epiduroscopic Approach.- 26. Anatomic and Technical Considerations.- 27. Indication.- 28. Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty.- 29.SELD (trans-Sacral Epidoscopic Laser Decompression).- 30.Current limits and feasible future modifications of spinal epiduroscopy.- 31.Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty - Transforaminal approach.- Part 7: Spinal Endoscopy.- 32. Future suggestions.