Advances in Environmental Research. Volume 86
Erschienen am 11. November 2021
251 Seiten
978-1-68507-399-2 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
This volume includes seven chapters and presents some of the latest advancements in environmental research. Chapter One describes the ecological resources of forests and their ability to absorb greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change. Chapter Two highlights the procedure of using eutectic solvents in the extraction of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Chapter Three suggests a holistic framework for assessing the environmental sustainability of Bulgarian agriculture. Chapter Four investigates the accountability profile for environmental sustainability of maritime protected areas. Chapter Five discusses the main urban parameters existing in regional models developed at the beginning of the 21st century: The Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (UCM), the Town Energy Balance (TEB), and the Building Effect Parameterization (BEP). Chapter Six aims to provide information about phytoestrogens and their beneficial and adverse effects. Finally, Chapter Seven proposes two new indexes for measuring particular aspects of environmental stability and sustainable development: the available resource sustainability index and the natural green surface replacement index.
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Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- Boreal Forest Resources in the System of Regulating of the Carbon Cycle and Mitigating of the Climate Fluctuations (Predictive Empirical-Statistical Modeling)
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Methods of Forecast Analysis
- 2.1. Calculation of Carbon Balances of Forest Ecosystems under the Conditions of Warming and Cooling
- 2.2. Local and Regional Mapping of Carbon Balances
- 2.3. Measure of Functional Stability of Nature Ecosystems as the Indicator of Their Adaptation to Climate Changes
- 3. Modeling Results and Its Discussion
- 3.1. Ecological Resources of Restored Primary Forests
- 3.2. Anthropogenic Changes in Ecological Resources of Modern Forest Cover
- 3.3. Ecological Resources of Forest Formations under the Conditions of Extreme Warming
- 3.4. Carbon Balance of Forest Formations in the System of Their Thermo-Arid Transformations
- 3.5. Verification of Predictive Calculations of the Carbon Balance
- 3.6. Toward the Solution of the Dual Problem of Adsorption and Adaptation (Following the Paris Agreement)
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 2
- Application of Eutectic Solvents in the Extraction of Bioactive Components from Medicinal Plants: Procedure, Possibilities, Advantages and Limitations of the Process
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Extraction of Bioactive Components from Medicinal Plants
- 2.1. Extraction of Different Groups of Bioactive Components with DESs
- 2.1.1. Phenolic Acids
- 2.1.2. Flavonoids
- 2.1.3. Alkaloids
- 2.1.4. Cannabiols
- 2.1.5. Coumarins
- 2.2. Factors Influencing the Extraction Capacity of DESs
- 2.3. Factors Influencing the Extraction Process
- 3. Advantages and Limitations of the Process
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Chapter 3
- Level, Factors and Importance of Environmental Sustainability of Bulgarian Agriculture
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Research Methods
- Results and Discussion on Overall Sustainability
- Environmental Sustainability Indicators for Farms of Different Type
- Factors for Environmental Sustainability of Bulgarian Agriculture
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 4
- Trends of Accountability Management for Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from the Italian Maritime Protected Areas (MPAs)
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Literature Review
- Sample
- Research Methodology
- Findings and Discussion
- Transparency Section
- Institutional Activity Section
- Project Section
- Institutional Accountability Tools
- Financial Accountability Tools
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 5
- Urban Canopy-Atmosphere Interaction Parameterization Applied to Regional Atmospheric Models
- Abstract
- Introduction
- General Aspects of UCA Schemes
- Radiation Budget
- Turbulent Fluxes
- Single-Layer Schemes
- Town Energy Budget (TEB)
- Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM)
- Multilayer Schemes
- Building Effect Parameterization (BEP)
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 6
- Phytoestrogens and Their Effects
- Abstract
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Phytoestrogens
- 2.1. Isoflavones
- 2.2. Stilbenes
- 2.3. Lignans
- 2.4. Coumestans
- 3. Bioavailability of Phytoestrogens
- 4. Pytoestrogens and Estrogens
- 5. Phytoestrogens and Human Health
- 5.1. Menopausal Symptoms
- 5.2. Osteoporosis and Bone Health
- 5.3. Memory Function
- 5.4. Breast Cancer
- 5.5. Cardiovascular Disease
- 5.6. Prostate Cancer
- 5.7. Skin Disorders
- 6. Adverse Effects of Phytoestrogens
- Conclusion
- Conflict of Interest
- References
- Chapter 7
- The Introduction of Indexes to Measure Environmental Sustainability. The Cases of the Available Resource Sustainability Index and Natural Green Surface Replacement Index
- Abstract
- Introduction
- Available Resource Sustainability Index
- Case 1. Resource in Transition to (Partial or Total) Depletion
- Example of a Forest as Tree Resource
- Case 2. Resource in Transition to Partial Depletion that Includes the Possibility of Its Recovery
- Example of a Deforested and Afforested Forest
- Natural Green Surface Replacement Index
- Case 1. Natural Green Surface Incorporating a Built Structure
- Case 2. Natural Green Surface Incorporating a Built Structure with a Green Roof
- Case 3. Natural Green Surface Incorporating a Built Structure with a Green Roof, Walls and Inner Parts Covered with Ornamental (and/or Grass) Plants
- Example of a Forested Surface, with Deforestation and a Final Pasture Surface Devoted to Agriculture
- Conclusion
- Acknowledgments
- References
- Biographical Sketch
- Contents of Earlier Volumes
- Index
- Blank Page
