Gas Chromatography with Glass Capillary Columns describes glass capillary technology and the selection, installation, evaluation, and use of glass open tubular columns for gas chromatography. Discussions are organized around the glass capillary column; column coating and installation; inlet systems; measurement of column efficiency; temperature programming and carrier flow; and retention behavior. Column selection and stability and sample preparation are also covered. This text is comprised of 13 chapters; the first of which introduces the reader to the practical considerations involved in the selection, installation, evaluation, and use of high-resolution open tubular glass capillary columns, along with the theory of the chromatographic process. The discussion then turns to the influence of operating parameters and storage conditions on the interrelated forces involved in coating glass capillary columns; the dynamic and static techniques of column coating; and design defects in the inlet system caused by excessive volume and dead space. The chapters that follow focus on general considerations in column attachment, measurement of column efficiency, and retention behavior of carrier gas, along with the operating temperature of the column, the choice of carrier gas, and carrier gas velocity. This book also looks at the factors that affect column stability, materials of restricted volatility, and some applications of glass capillary gas chromatography. This reference material is intended primarily for students and researchers interested in gas chromatography with glass capillary columns.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Elsevier Science & Techn.
ISBN-13
978-0-323-14106-2 (9780323141062)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
PrefaceChapter 1 Introduction 1.1 General Considerations 1.2 Theory of the Chromatographic Process 1.3 Separation of Components ReferencesChapter 2 The Glass Capillary Column 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Surface Pretreatments ReferencesChapter 3 Column Coating 3.1 General Considerations 3.2 Dynamic Techniques 3.3 Static Techniques 3.4 PLOT and SCOT Columns 3.5 Bonded Phases 3.6 Packed Capillary and Micropacked Columns ReferencesChapter 4 Inlet Systems 4.1 General Considerations 4.2 Precolumn Concentration 4.3 Splitless Injection 4.4 Inlet Splitters ReferencesChapter 5 Column Installation 5.1 General Considerations 5.2 Unitized Assemblies 5.3 Make-Up Gas 5.4 Initial Evaluation ReferencesChapter 6 Measuring Column Efficiency 6.1 General Considerations 6.2 Separation Number, Trennzahl (TZ) 6.3 Other Concepts of Column Performance ReferencesChapter 7 Treatment of Retention Data 7.1 General Considerations 7.2 Calculation of the Hold-up Volume, tM 7.3 The Kovats Retention Index System, I 7.4 Effects of Temperature on I 7.5 Other Retention Systems 7.6 Retention Data as Identification Criteria ReferencesChapter 8 Temperature Programming and Carrier Flow Considerations 8.1 General Considerations 8.2 Special Problems with Capillary Systems 8.3 Optimum Practical Gas Velocity 8.4 Retention Temperature and Analysis Time versus Program and Flow Rates ReferencesChapter 9 Column Stability 9.1 General Considerations 9.2 Effects of Temperature 9.3 Effect of Injection Size and Sample Composition 9.4 Salvaging Columns ReferencesChapter 10 Column Selection 10.1 General Comments 10.2 The Rohrschneider Concept of Polarity 10.3 Other Methods of Selection 10.4 Role of Column Efficiency ReferencesChapter 11 Sample Preparation 11.1 General Considerations 11.2 Headspace Concentrates versus Total Volatile Analysis 11.3 Direct Headspace Analysis 11.4 General Considerations on Methods of Isolation and Concentration 11.5 Distillation 11.6 Freeze Concentration 11.7 Extraction 11.8 Zone Refining 11.9 Adsorptive Methods 11.10 Porous Polymer Absorption ReferencesChapter 12 Analysis of Materials of Restricted Volatility 12.1 General Comments 12.2 Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography 12.3 Silylation 12.4 Silylation Methods ReferencesChapter 13 Applications of Glass Capillary Gas Chromatography 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Air and Smoke Analyses 13.3 Amino Acid Analysis 13.4 Drug and Pharmaceuticals 13.5 Fatty Acid Analysis 13.6 Food and Beverage Analysis 13.7 Pesticides 13.8 Saccharide Analysis 13.9 Steroid Analysis 13.10 Miscellaneous ReferencesAppendix I NomenclatureAppendix II Liquid PhasesAppendix III Porous Polymer DataAppendix IV Silylation and Derivatization ReactionsIndex
