Cardiac Reconstructions with Allograft Tissues

Original Principles.- The Use of Homograft Valves: Historical Perspective.- Major Clinical Series of Homograft Valve Transplants: Left Ventricular Outflow Tract.- Mayo Clinic Series.- University of Alabama at Birmingham Series.- Modified Root Replacement Concept: Influence of Implant Technique on Allograft Durability.- Major Clinical Series of Homograft Valve Transplants: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract.- Great Ormond Street Series.- Denver Series.- Toronto Series.- Cryopreserved Allograft Tissue for Cardiac Reconstruction.- Cryopreserved Cardiac Valves: Initial Experiences and Theories.- Surgery for Infections.- Pulmonary Valve Autotransplant Procedure: Clinical Results Compared with Other Methods for Aortic Valve Replacement.- In Vivo Pulsatile Hemodynamics of Homografts.- Cell Biology of Heart Valve Leaflets.- Leaflet Endothelium.- Leaflet Interstitial Cells.- Leaflet Interstitial Cell Growth and Recovery.- Activation of the Immune System by Cardiac Valve Allografts.- Cryobiology of Heart Valve Preservation.- Application of Cryopreservation to Heart Valves.- Cell Viability and Problems with Its Quantification.- Factors Affecting Cellular Viability During Preimplantation Processing.- Cell Origins and Fates Following Transplantation of Cryopreserved Allografts.- Resolution of the Conflicting Theories of Prolonged Cell Viability.- Allograft Heart Valves: Morphologic, Biochemical, and Explant Pathology Studies.- Overview: Allograft Heart Valves.- Morphology: Allograft Heart Valves.- Biomechanics: Allograft Heart Valves.- Effects of Preimplantation Processing on Allograft Valves.- Explant Pathology Studies.- Implications of Explant Pathology Studies.- Allograft Valve Banking: Harvesting and Cryopreservation Techniques.- Cryopreservation and Tissue Banking.- Donor Suitability and Heart Procurement.- Techniques and Technology: Dissection, Examination, Sterilization, and Cryopreservation.- Techniques and Technology: Storage, Transportation and Distribution, Thawing, Dilution, and Quality Systems.- Surgical Techniques: Valve and Root Methods for Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions.- Indications and Contraindications: Valve and Root Methods.- "Freehand" Aortic Valve Replacement with Aortic Allograft Valve Transplant Aortotomy.- The Small Aortic Root: Surgical Techniques for Annulus Enlargement.- Aortoplastic Techniques for Problematic Aortic Root Geometry.- Aortic Root Replacement with Aortic Allograft Conduit.- Aortoventriculoplasty with Aortic Allograft.- "Miniroot" Replacement Techniques.- Stentless Xenograft Valves.- Surgical Techniques: Ross Operation and Variants.- Indications: Ross Operation.- Surgical Anatomy: Ross Operation.- Surgical Technique: Ross Operation.- The Role of Transesophageal Echocardiography During the Ross Procedure.- Guidelines for Use of Aprotinin with the Ross Procedure.- Ross-Konno Procedure.- Methods for Avoiding Technical Errors in Performing the Autograft Pulmonary Valve Transplant.- Surgical Techniques: Complex Reconstructions.- Management of Transposition with Complex Systemic Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction: Rastelli's Operation and Aortic Root Translocation.- Homograft Variant of the Nikaidoh Procedure.- Application of the Principle of Creation of Double Outlet Systemic Ventricle for Hypoplastic Aortic Outflow.- Surgical Techniques: Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions.- Indications: Right Ventricular Outflow Reconstructions.- Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Aortic Allograft Conduits in Children and Infants.- Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults.- CorrectedTransposition.- Reconstruction of Right Ventricular Outflow with Abnormal Pulmonary Arteries.- Management of Difficult Allograft Alignments: The "Divide and Reapproximate" Principle.- Pulmonary Valve Allografts in Children.- Truncus Arteriosus Repair.- Pulmonary Atresia with MAPCAs: Staged Unifocalization Techniques.- Pulmonary Atresia with MAPCAs: Repairs in Neonates and Young Infants.- Reoperative Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstructions.- Proximal and Distal Extensions.- Reconstruction with Nonvalved Cryopreserved Cardiovascular Tissues.- Extracardiac Fontan Operation.- Future Directions.- FDA Regulatory Policy.- The Biological Valve Spectrum and a Rationale for Prosthetic Valve Choice.- Tissue Engineered Heart Valves: The Next Challenge.