How Can We Boost Competition in the Services Sector?

1 - Cover [Seite 1]
2 - I Introduction [Seite 16]
2.1 - I.1 Overall Productivity and Product Market Regulation [Seite 16]
2.1.1 - References [Seite 20]
2.2 - I.2 Competition in the Services Sector [Seite 22]
3 - II The Practical View [Seite 24]
3.1 - II.1 [Seite 24]
3.2 - II.2 [Seite 29]
3.3 - II.3 [Seite 35]
3.3.1 - References [Seite 40]
4 - III Which Structural Reforms for Europe? [Seite 42]
4.1 - Executive Summary [Seite 42]
4.2 - 1 What are structural reforms and why are they important? [Seite 43]
4.2.1 - 1.1 What are structural reforms? [Seite 43]
4.2.2 - 1.2 Why structural reforms are important for growth [Seite 45]
4.2.3 - 1.3 Why structural reforms matter for the euro area [Seite 48]
4.3 - 2 What are the recommendations? [Seite 51]
4.3.1 - 2.1 How to make sense of laundry lists [Seite 51]
4.3.2 - 2.2 Deriving consensus reform lists [Seite 52]
4.4 - 3 How to prioritize structural reforms? [Seite 58]
4.4.1 - 3.1 Growth effects [Seite 58]
4.4.2 - 3.2 Contribution to euro area stability [Seite 60]
4.4.3 - 3.3 Political feasibility [Seite 61]
4.5 - 4 Conclusion: The euro area reform priorities on a single page [Seite 64]
4.6 - Appendix [Seite 67]
4.7 - References [Seite 82]
5 - IV Past Reforms in the Services Sector and their Effects [Seite 86]
5.1 - IV.1 Introduction [Seite 86]
5.2 - IV.2 Entry regulation and entrepreneurship: a natural experiment in German craftsmanship [Seite 88]
5.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 88]
5.2.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 88]
5.2.3 - 2 The amendment to the German Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 as a natural experiment [Seite 91]
5.2.4 - 3 Empirical specification [Seite 93]
5.2.4.1 - 3.1 Definition of the treatment and control groups [Seite 93]
5.2.4.2 - 3.2 Trends in craftsmanship [Seite 94]
5.2.4.3 - 3.3 Identification of causal effects [Seite 97]
5.2.4.4 - 3.4 Other entrepreneurship policies [Seite 99]
5.2.5 - 3.5 Estimation procedure [Seite 101]
5.2.6 - 4 Data and descriptives [Seite 103]
5.2.6.1 - 4.1 Sample design [Seite 103]
5.2.6.2 - 4.2 Descriptives [Seite 105]
5.2.7 - 5 Results [Seite 110]
5.2.7.1 - 5.1 Treatment effects on transition probabilities [Seite 113]
5.2.7.2 - 5.2 Treatment effects on self-employment probabilities [Seite 115]
5.2.7.3 - 5.3 Heterogeneous treatment effects [Seite 117]
5.2.7.4 - 5.4 Specification and sensitivity tests [Seite 121]
5.2.8 - 6 Summary and conclusions [Seite 124]
5.2.9 - Appendix [Seite 125]
5.2.10 - References [Seite 130]
5.3 - IV.3 Structural Reforms in Transportations: Dynamics and Sectorial Spillovers [Seite 133]
5.3.1 - Abstract [Seite 133]
5.3.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 133]
5.3.3 - 2 Literature Review [Seite 135]
5.3.4 - 3 Methodology [Seite 142]
5.3.4.1 - 3.1 Data preparation [Seite 143]
5.3.4.2 - 3.2 Panel VAR [Seite 143]
5.3.4.3 - 3.3 Robustness [Seite 146]
5.3.5 - 4 Data [Seite 147]
5.3.5.1 - 4.1 The CompNet firm-level-based database [Seite 147]
5.3.5.2 - 4.2 OECD's database on Product Market Regulations [Seite 151]
5.3.6 - 5 Results [Seite 153]
5.3.6.1 - 5.1 Baseline specification [Seite 153]
5.3.6.2 - 5.2 Labour costs [Seite 155]
5.3.6.3 - 5.3 Productivity [Seite 156]
5.3.6.4 - 5.4 Resources allocation [Seite 157]
5.3.6.5 - 5.5 Competition and concentration [Seite 159]
5.3.7 - 6 Conclusions [Seite 161]
5.3.8 - Annex [Seite 162]
5.3.8.1 - Annex A [Seite 162]
5.3.8.2 - Annex B [Seite 165]
5.3.9 - References [Seite 165]
5.4 - IV.4 Discussion [Seite 169]
5.4.1 - Dr Stefan Profit [Seite 169]
5.4.2 - Dr Davud Rostam-Afschar [Seite 172]
5.4.3 - Paolo Mengano [Seite 173]
6 - V How to Assess the Economic Impact of Regulation - Recent Developments in Europe and Germany and Outlook to the Next Step [Seite 176]
6.1 - V.1 Services liberalisation in Germany: Overview and the potential of deregulation [Seite 176]
6.1.1 - Executive Summary [Seite 176]
6.1.2 - 1 Introduction [Seite 177]
6.1.3 - 2 The German services market - definition and overview [Seite 178]
6.1.3.1 - 3 Services gap - the relationship between the services sector and the manufacturing sector [Seite 185]
6.1.3.2 - 4 Empirical survey of the status quo of the regulation in the services sector [Seite 193]
6.1.3.3 - 5 Endeavours to deregulate the services market [Seite 198]
6.1.3.4 - 6 Economic effects of services deregulation [Seite 200]
6.1.4 - 6.1 Direct effects [Seite 201]
6.1.5 - 6.2 Indirect effects [Seite 203]
6.1.6 - 6.3 Effects on imports and exports [Seite 207]
6.1.7 - 6.4 Labour market effects [Seite 208]
6.1.8 - 6.5 Impacts on consumers [Seite 209]
6.1.8.1 - 7 Politico-economic considerations for services liberalisation [Seite 210]
6.1.8.2 - 8 Approaches for reform for Germany [Seite 212]
6.1.9 - 8.1 Approaches for reform [Seite 213]
6.1.10 - 8.2 Model based estimation of the welfare effects [Seite 218]
6.1.10.1 - 9 Conclusion [Seite 219]
6.1.10.2 - Appendix [Seite 221]
6.1.11 - Appendix A: Empirical Analysis for Germany [Seite 221]
6.1.11.1 - Regression model and data basis [Seite 222]
6.1.11.2 - Model results [Seite 225]
6.1.11.3 - Categorising the model results [Seite 234]
6.1.12 - Appendix B: Operating surplus in a national and international comparison [Seite 234]
6.1.13 - References [Seite 236]
6.2 - V.2 Economic impact of competition-friendly deregulation in Germany's professional services [Seite 240]
6.2.1 - Abstract [Seite 240]
6.2.2 - 1 Motivation [Seite 240]
6.2.3 - 2 Measuring performance of professional services: Mark-ups and allocative efficiency [Seite 243]
6.2.3.1 - 2.1 Mark-ups [Seite 243]
6.2.3.2 - 2.2 Allocation of productive resources [Seite 244]
6.2.4 - 3 Product market regulations and impact of reforms [Seite 247]
6.2.4.1 - 4 Potential impact of structural reforms: Closing-the-policy-gap approach [Seite 251]
6.2.4.1.1 - (i) Regulation and mark-ups [Seite 252]
6.2.4.1.2 - (ii) Regulation and allocative efficiency [Seite 254]
6.2.5 - 5 Economy-wide effects: Simulations with QUEST [Seite 256]
6.2.6 - 6 Concluding remarks [Seite 259]
6.2.7 - References [Seite 261]
6.3 - V.3 Discussion [Seite 263]
6.3.1 - Erik Canton [Seite 266]
6.3.2 - Oliver Arentz [Seite 267]
7 - VI Conclusions [Seite 268]