Handbook of Elemental Speciation

List of Contributors.
Preface.
Technical Abbreviations and Acronyms.
1 Introduction.
2 Sampling: Collection, Storage.
2.1 Sampling: Collection, Processing and Storage ofEnvironmental Samples.
2.2 Sampling of Clinical Samples: Collection and Storage.
2.3 Food: Sampling with Special Reference to Legislation,Uncertainty and Fitness for Purpose.
2.4 Sampling: Collection, Storage - OccupationalHealth.
3 Sample Preparation.
3.1 Sample Treatment for Speciation Analysis in BiologicalSamples.
3.2 Sample Preparation Techniques for Elemental SpeciationStudies.
3.3 Sample Preparation - Fractionation (Sediments, Soils,Aerosols and Fly Ashes).
4 Separation Techniques.
4.1 Liquid Chromatography.
4.2 Gas Chromatography and Other Gas Based Methods.
4.3 Capillary Electrophoresis in Speciation Analysis.
4.4 Gel Electrophoresis for Speciation Purposes.
5 Detection.
5.1 Atomic Absorption and Atomic Emission Spectrometry.
5.2 Flow Injection Atomic Spectrometry for Speciation.
5.3 Detection by ICP-Mass Spectrometry.
5.4 Plasma Source Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry: a PowerfulTool for Elemental Speciation.
5.5 Glow Discharge Plasmas as Tunable Sources for ElementalSpeciation.
5.6 Electrospray Methods for Elemental Speciation.
5.7 Elemental Speciation by Inductively Coupled Plasma-MassSpectrometry with High Resolution Instruments.
5.8 On-line Elemental Speciation with Functionalised FusedSilica Capillaries in Combination with DIN-ICP-MS.
5.9 Speciation Analysis by Electrochemical Methods.
5.10 Future Instrumental Development for Speciation.
5.11 Biosensors for Monitoring of Metal Ions.
5.12 Possibilities Offered by Radiotracers for MethodDevelopment in Elemental Speciation Analysis and for Metabolic andEnvironmentally Related Speciation Studies.
6 Direct Speciation of Solids.
6.1 Characterization of Individual Aerosol Particles withSpecial Reference to Speciation Techniques.
6.2 Direct Speciation of Solids: X-ray Absorption Fine StructureSpectroscopy for Species Analysis in Solid Samples.
7 Calibration.
7.1 Calibration in Elemental Speciation Analysis.
7.2 Reference Materials.
8 Screening Methods for Semiquantitative SpeciationAnalysis.
9 Risk Assessments/Regulations.
9.1 Environmental Risk Assessment and the Bioavailability ofElemental Species.
9.2 Speciation and Legislation.
Index.