Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 24. Mai 2012
417 Seiten
978-0-19-154613-6 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
The Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians provides all the information required by students and junior doctors who need to understand and translate key epidemiological concepts into medical practice. Unlike standard textbooks in this area, the focus throughout is on clinical applications of epidemiological knowledge. Divided into four sections, the handbook begins with the basics of epidemiology in the clinic, moving on to the theories behind evidence-based practice, discussions of optimum methods and studies, and then ends by looking at the epidemiology of common diseases. The material is presented in a logical manner, from problems to the most appropriate solutions or tools to be applied. Interesting topics such as controversies in prevention intervention encourage discussion and thought, and the authorspose sensible and important questions throughout. This handbook is a must for all junior doctors, medical students, and clinicians who need to apply epidemiological concepts to day-to-day practice or who want a practical step-by-step guide to undertaking research, conducting reviews of evidence, orwriting up publications.
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Andere Ausgaben
Helen Ward | Mireille B. Toledano | Gavin Shaddick
Oxford Handbook of Epidemiology for Clinicians
Buch
05/2012
Oxford University Press
58,00 €
Versand in 15-20 Tagen
Inhalt
- Cover
- Contents
- Symbols and abbreviations
- Glossary of terms
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- H
- I
- L
- M
- N
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- R
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- V
- Statistical formulae
- Section 1 Epidemiology in the clinic
- Introduction
- 1 The diagnostic process
- Introduction: epidemiology in the clinic
- Measures of disease frequency
- Distribution of disease
- Is there anything wrong?
- Risk factors
- Identifying risk factors
- Validity of diagnostic tests
- Clinical uses of predictive value
- Pre-test probability
- Likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities
- So what has my patient got? The Bayesian clinician
- 2 Management decisions
- Decisions, decisions . . . the principles of clinical management
- What is prognosis? Looking into the crystal ball
- Prognosis: mortality
- Prognosis: morbidity
- Evidence-based management
- Clinical guidelines
- How effective is the treatment?
- Interpreting reports of clinical trials
- How appropriate is the treatment?
- Patient-centred decision-making
- 3 Risk communication and promoting health
- Health promotion in clinical practice
- Could it have been prevented?
- Communicating risk
- Health promotion in the clinic
- Smoking and alcohol advice
- Exercise, weight, and dietary advice
- Sexual health
- Outbreak investigation
- Breaking the chain of infection
- Section 2 Evidence-based practice
- Introduction
- 4 Finding and summarizing evidence
- Finding and evaluating existing evidence
- Electronic resources
- Critical appraisal
- Appraisal checklists
- CONSORT statement
- Systematic review
- Meta-analysis
- Analysis and interpretation of a meta-analysis
- 5 Preventive medicine and screening
- Prevention strategies
- Levels of prevention
- Preventing communicable disease
- Preventing non-communicable disease: example of cardiovascular disease
- Basic infectious disease epidemiology
- Vaccination
- Screening overview
- Screening programmes
- Evaluating screening programmes
- Major UK screening programmes
- 6 Evaluating clinical practice
- Introduction
- Clinical governance and ethics
- Carrying out an audit: getting started
- Choosing the standards
- Writing your protocol
- Choosing the sample
- Data collection
- Data collection: examples
- Analysing data
- Interpreting findings
- Changing practice
- Completing the process
- Section 3 Epidemiological methods
- Introduction
- 7 Types of study
- Types of evidence and study designs
- Basic concepts in epidemiological research
- Interpreting associations
- Confounding
- Association or causation?
- The nature of causality
- Time trend and geographical (ecological) studies
- Ecological studies: examples
- Surveys and cross-sectional studies
- Cross-sectional studies: examples
- Case-control studies
- Case-control studies: examples
- Cohort studies
- Cohort studies: examples
- Intervention studies and clinical trials
- Clinical trials: examples
- Clinical trial phases
- Choosing the right type of study
- 8 Sources of data
- Introduction: good quality data
- Routine data
- Clinical uses of routine data
- Death certification
- Referral to the coroner
- Infectious disease notification
- Cancer registration
- 9 Statistical concepts
- Introduction
- Data and variables
- Summarizing sample data
- Measures of central location
- Measures of dispersion
- Sampling variability
- Probability distributions
- Confidence intervals
- Hypothesis tests
- Statistical or clinical significance
- Sample size and power calculations
- When to consult a statistician
- 10 Statistical techniques in clinical medicine
- Independent t-test
- Paired t-tests
- Confidence intervals for a proportion
- Normal test for difference in proportions
- Chi-squared test for association
- Parametric and non-parametric tests
- Mann-Whitney U test
- Wilcoxon's signed-rank test
- Linear regression
- Correlation coefficients
- T-tests for regression coefficients
- Multiple regression
- Analysis of variance
- Logistic regression
- Measuring survival
- Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator
- Log-rank test
- Cox proportional hazards model
- Receiver operating characteristic curves
- Section 4 Epidemiology of common diseases
- Introduction
- 11 Global burden of disease
- Terminology
- Global burden of non-communicable disease
- Burden of non-communicable disease in the UK
- Global burden of communicable disease
- Burden of communicable disease in the UK
- 12 Epidemiology of diseases
- Arthritis
- Asthma
- Bladder cancer
- Brain and CNS cancer
- Breast cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Cervix cancer
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Cirrhosis of the liver
- Colorectal cancer
- Coronary heart disease
- Dementia
- Depression
- Diabetes
- Emerging infectious disease
- Gastroenteritis
- Healthcare associated infections
- High blood pressure and hypertension
- HIV/AIDS
- Influenza
- Kidney cancer
- Leukaemia
- Liver cancer
- Lung cancer
- Malaria
- Malignant melanoma
- Measles
- Meningococcal disease
- Neglected tropical diseases
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Oesophageal cancer
- Pancreatic cancer
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Prostate cancer
- Road traffic accidents
- Self-inflicted injuries
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Stomach cancer
- Tuberculosis
- Viral hepatitis
- Index
- A
- B
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- D
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- F
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- J
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- N
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- U
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