Childhood Food Allergy: Current Management, Emerging Therapies, and Prevention, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics

Name: Childhood Food Allergy: Current Management, Emerging Therapies, and Prevention, An Issue of Pediatric Clinics
Brand: Elsevier
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Ruchi Gupta(Autor*in)

Elsevier (Verlag)

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Erschienen am 7. Januar 2016

100 Seiten

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Front Cover
Childhood Food Allergy: Current Management, Emerging Therapies, and Prevention
Copyright
CME Accreditation Page
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE
TARGET AUDIENCE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
ACCREDITATION
DISCLOSURE OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
UNAPPROVED/OFF-LABEL USE DISCLOSURE
TO ENROLL
METHOD OF PARTICIPATION
CME INQUIRIES/SPECIAL NEEDS
Contributors
CONSULTING EDITOR
EDITOR
AUTHORS
Contents
Foreword: Management of Pediatric Food Allergy
Preface: Childhood Food Allergy Update
Pathophysiology of Food Allergy
Signs and Symptoms of Food Allergy and Food-Induced Anaphylaxis
Diagnosis of Food Allergy
Clinical Management of Food Allergy
School Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Management for the Pediatrician-Extending the Medical Home with Critical Collaborations
Why Does Australia Appear to Have the Highest Rates of Food Allergy?
Quality of Life in Food Allergy Patients and Their Families
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome
Gut Microbiome and the Development of Food Allergy and Allergic Disease
Breast Milk and Food Allergy: Connections and Current Recommendations
The Learning Early About Peanut Allergy Study: The Benefits of Early Peanut Introduction, and a New Horizon in Fighting the ...
Mechanisms of Oral Tolerance
Current Options for the Treatment of Food Allergy
PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
FORTHCOMING ISSUES
February 2016
April 2016
June 2016
August 2016
RECENT ISSUES
October 2015
August 2015
June 2015
April 2015
Foreword: Management of Pediatric Food Allergy
REFERENCES
Preface: Childhood Food Allergy Update
REFERENCES
Pathophysiology of Food Allergy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ORAL TOLERANCE
SENSITIZATION
ELICITATION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Signs and Symptoms of Food Allergy and Food-Induced Anaphylaxis
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DEFINING FOOD ALLERGIES
IGE-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES
Urticaria and Angioedema
Oropharyngeal Symptoms: Oral Allergy Syndrome
Respiratory Tract Symptoms: Rhinoconjunctivitis and Bronchospasm
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Food-Induced Anaphylaxis
RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS IN ANAPHYLAXIS
GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN ANAPHYLAXIS
CARDIOVASCULAR SYMPTOMS IN ANAPHYLAXIS
Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis
Pitfalls in Making the Diagnosis of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis
NON-IGE-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES
Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome
Food Protein-Induced Enteropathy: Celiac Disease
Food-Induced Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (Heiner Syndrome)
MIXED IGE-MEDIATED AND NON-IGE-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES
Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Atopic Dermatitis
KEY HISTORICAL ELEMENTS IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED FOOD ALLERGY
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Diagnosis of Food Allergy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSING IMMUNOGLOBULIN E-MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGIES
Clinical History
Food-Dependent Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis
Oral Allergy Syndrome
Skin-Prick Tests and Serum Tests
Oral Food Challenge
DIAGNOSING MIXED IMMUNOGLOBULIN E AND NON-IMMUNOGLOBULIN E FOOD REACTIONS
Clinical History
Serum Testing
Endoscopic Evaluation
Elimination Diets
Food Challenges
DIAGNOSING NON-IMMUNOGLOBULIN E-MEDIATED ADVERSE FOOD REACTIONS
Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctitis
Food Protein-Induced Enteropathy
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Clinical Management of Food Allergy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL HISTORY
Differential Diagnosis
Allergy Versus Intolerance
Suspected Triggers
Type of Reaction
Current Diet
Physical Examination
Immunoglobulin E Mediated Versus Non-Immunoglobulin E Mediated
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
Pediatric Clinic
Specific Immunoglobulin E (ImmunoCAP)
Allergy Clinic
Skin-prick testing
Oral food challenge
Interpretation of test results
MEDICATIONS
Prescription of Epinephrine
Other Medications: Antihistamines, Albuterol, and Steroids
COUNSELING AND EDUCATION
Epinephrine Use
Emergency Action Plan
Avoidance
Food Labeling
Different Environments
REFERRAL TO AN ALLERGIST
Monitoring for Tolerance
Tolerance of Extensively Heated Allergens
Routine Follow-Up
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Appendix 1. APPENDIX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR PATIENTS
Appendix 2. APPENDIX 2 CHECKLIST FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
School Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Management for the Pediatrician-Extending the Medical Home with Critical Collaborations
Key points
INTRODUCTION
FOOD ALLERGY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES: THE PILLARS OF PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS
Prevention
Preparedness and Emergency Response
Anaphylaxis Emergency Care Plans
Leadership
Epinephrine
The CDC: Voluntary Guidelines for the Management of Food Allergy in Schools and Early Care and Education Programs
School Physician
School Nurse
Food Allergy Policies and Protocol
Understanding School Care Plans
Individualized health care plans
504 Plan
Individualized education plan accommodations
SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
Why Does Australia Appear to Have the Highest Rates of Food Allergy?
Key points
INTRODUCTION
HOW CONVINCING IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A 10% PREVALENCE OF FOOD ALLERGY IN AUSTRALIA?
WHY ARE THE RATES OF FOOD ALLERGY SO HIGH IN AUSTRALIAN INFANTS?
The Dual Allergen Exposure Hypothesis (Lack Hypothesis)
Adequate early-life skin barrier function
Timing of introduction of solids and infant feeding
Vitamin D Hypothesis
Hygiene Hypothesis
HOW DO THESE HYPOTHESES FIT WITH THE OBSERVED CHANGES IN FOOD ALLERGY FOLLOWING MIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA FROM ASIA?
COULD REMOVAL OF THE PROTECTIVE ASIAN ENVIRONMENT INCREASE THE EXPRESSION OF GENETICALLY AT-RISK INFANTS?
THE ROLE OF GENE-ENVIRONMENT AND EPIGENETIC MODIFICATION
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Quality of Life in Food Allergy Patients and Their Families
Key points
INTRODUCTION
SOCIAL ACTIVITIES
Schools and Bullying
Social Activities/Dining Out
DAILY ACTIVITIES
Meals and Nutrition
Parental Emotions
Child's Emotions
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome
Key points
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CLINICAL PRESENTATION
CAUSATIVE FOODS
Reactions to Multiple Foods
DIAGNOSIS
Diagnostic Criteria
Delay in Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis
TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Anticipatory Guidance
Natural Course
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Gut Microbiome and the Development of Food Allergy and Allergic Disease
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THE HUMAN MICROBIOME
THE MICROBIOME AND IMMUNE DEVELOPMENT
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MICROBIOME IN ALLERGIC DISEASE
Animal Exposure
Mode of Delivery
Birth Order and Family Size
Antibiotic Exposure
Diet
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MICROBIOME IN FOOD ALLERGY
Murine Models
Human Studies
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Breast Milk and Food Allergy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BREAST MILK
NUTRITION OF EXPRESSED BREAST MILK
MACRONUTRIENTS
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
MICRONUTRIENTS
Vitamins
Minerals
IMMUNOLOGY OF BREAST MILK
Neonatal Immune System
Breast Milk Immunology
EFFECTS OF STORAGE ON BREAST MILK
Refrigeration
Freezing and Thawing
Containers
MOTHER AND HER DIET
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
FOOD ALLERGY AND BREAST MILK
Epidemiology and Developmental Pathophysiology of Food Allergies
History of Breastfeeding with Food Allergy
Review of the Literature on Food Allergies and Expressed Breast Milk
Current Recommendations on Breastfeeding and Food Allergy
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
The Learning Early About Peanut Allergy Study
Key points
PEANUT ALLERGY: AN EPIDEMIC OUT OF CONTROL?
PREVENTING PEANUT ALLERGY THROUGH TIMING OF INTRODUCTION
A Historical Shift of Opinion
Association Study Evidence Supporting Early Peanut Introduction as Protective Against Peanut Allergy
A New Hope in Preventing the Onset of Peanut Allergy
POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF THIS RESEARCH
Applicability of the Findings to the High-Risk and Standard-Risk Populations
Considerations on an Implementation Strategy
Current Interim Recommendations
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Mechanisms of Oral Tolerance
Key points
INTRODUCTION
ROLE OF THE GUT IMMUNE SYSTEM
REGULATORY T CELLS
ANERGY
LESSONS LEARNED FROM ORAL ANTI-CD3
SITE OF TOLERANCE TO ORAL ANTIGENS: GUT VERSUS SYSTEMIC
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Current Options for the Treatment of Food Allergy
Key points
INTRODUCTION
STANDARD OF CARE
IMMUNOTHERAPY BACKGROUND
IMMUNOTHERAPY MECHANISMS
DESENSITIZATION VERSUS TOLERANCE
ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
Milk
Egg
Peanut
EXTENSIVELY HEATED MILK AND EGG AS ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
MULTIPLE FOOD ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY VERSUS ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
EPICUTANEOUS IMMUNOTHERAPY
NONSPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY
Anti-Immunoglobulin E Therapy
Chinese Herbal Formula
Probiotics
EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS AND FOOD IMMUNOTHERAPY
FAILED METHODS OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
PRECLINICAL STUDIES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Index

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