Oils and Fats in the Food Industry
Erschienen am 21. Januar 2009
160 Seiten
978-1-4443-0243-1 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
Oils and fats are almost ubiquitous in food processing -whether naturally occurring in foods or added as ingredients forfunctional benefits and, despite the impression given by severalsources to the contrary, they remain an essential part of the humandiet. However, it is increasingly apparent that both the quantityand the quality of the fat consumed are vital to achieving abalanced diet. Health concerns regarding high-fat diets continue tohave a high profile, and still represent a pressing issue for foodmanufacturers.
This volume provides a concise and easy-to-use reference on thenature of oils and fats for those working in the food industry andfor those in the media seeking to advise the public on consumption.Written in a style that makes the concepts and informationcontained easily accessible, and using a minimum of chemicalstructures, the nature and composition of the constituents of oilsand fats are explained. The major sources of food lipids (vegetableand animal fats) are outlined, along with their physicalcharacteristics. The book also focuses on the current main concernsof the food industry regarding oils and fats use, including: thenutritional properties of fats and oils and their variouscomponents; links between chemical structure and physiologicalproperties; and the role of lipids in some of the more importantdisease conditions such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heartdisease and cancer. The final chapter is devoted to a descriptionof the most common food uses of oils and fats.
The book will be of interest to food industry professionals,students or others who require a working knowledge of oils and fatsin the food industry.
Rezensionen / Stimmen
"This volume provides a concise and easy-to-use reference on thenature of oils and fats for those working in the food industry andfor those in the media seeking to advise the public ... .Thereferences, websites and index are well catered for." (Food andBeverage Reporter, April 2009) "An easy-to-use and concise reference for food engineers as wellas media experts." (The Chemical Engineer, November2008)Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Andere Ausgaben
Frank Gunstone
Oils and Fats in the Food Industry
Software
02/2009
Wiley-Blackwell
68,06 €
Keine Lieferinformation verfügbar
Person
Frank Gunstone is Professor Emeritus, University of St Andrews and Honorary Research Professor, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, UK. He has been editor of Lipid Technology for ten years.
Inhalt
Chapter 1. The Chemical Nature of Lipids.
1.1 Fatty acids.
1.2 Triacylglycerols.
1.3 Ester waxes.
1.4 Phospholipids.
1.5 Sterols and sterol esters.
1.6 Tocols.
1.7 Hydrocarbons.
Chapter 2. The Major Sources of Oils and Fats.
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Animal fats (butter, lard, tallow, chicken fat, and fishoils).
2.3 Cocoa butter and cocoa butter alternatives.
2.4 Lauric oils (coconut, palm kernel).
2.5 Olive oil.
2.6 Palm oil.
2.7 Rapeseed (canola) oil.
2.8 Soybean oil.
2.9 Sunfl ower seed oil.
2.10 Other vegetable oils.
2.11 Single cell oils.
Chapter 3. Extraction, Refining, and ModificationProcesses.
3.1 Extraction.
3.2 Refining.
3.3 Modification processes.
3.4 Blending.
3.5 Fractionation including winterisation and dewaxing.
3.6 Hydrogenation.
3.7 Interesterification using a chemical catalyst.
3.8 Interesterification using an enzymatic catalyst.
3.9 Domestication of wild crops.
3.10 Oilseeds modified by conventional seed breeding or bygenetic engineering.
3.11 Animal fats modified through nutritional changes.
Chapter 4. Analytical Parameters.
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Oil content.
4.3 Unsaturation - iodine value.
4.4 Saponification - free acids, sap value.
4.5 Melting behaviour, solid fat content, low temperatureproperties.
4.6 Oxidation - peroxide value, anisidine value,stability, shelf life, stability trials, taste panels.
4.7 Gas chromatography.
4.8 Near-infrared and Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy.
4.9 1H NMR spectroscopy.
4.10 13C NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy.
4.11 Mass spectrometry.
Chapter 5. Physical Properties.
5.1 Polymorphism, crystal structure, and melting point.
5.2 Alkanoic and alkenoic acids.
5.3 Glycerol esters.
5.4 Ultraviolet spectroscopy.
5.5 IR and Raman spectroscopy.
5.6 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
5.7 Mass spectrometry.
5.8 Density.
5.9 Viscosity.
5.10 Refractive index.
5.11 Solubility of gases in oils.
5.12 Other physical properties.
Chapter 6. Chemical Properties.
6.1 Hydrogenation.
6.2 Atmospheric oxidation.
6.3 Thermal changes.
6.4 Reactions of the carboxyl/ester function.
Chapter 7. Nutritional Properties.
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 EFA and fatty acid metabolism.
7.3 De novo synthesis of saturated acids.
7.4 Desaturation and elongation in plant systems.
7.5 Desaturation and elongation in animal systems.
7.6 Antioxidants.
7.7 Cholesterol and phytosterols.
7.8 Conjugated linoleic acid.
7.9 Diacyglycerols.
7.10 Recommended intake of fats and of fatty acids.
7.11 Role of fats in health and disease.
7.12 Obesity.
7.13 Coronary heart disease.
7.14 Diabetes.
7.15 Inflammatory diseases.
7.16 Psychiatric disorders.
7.17 Cancer.
Chapter 8. Major Edible Uses of Oils and Fats.
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Spreads - butter and ghee.
8.3 Spreads - margarine, vanaspati, and flavouredspreads.
8.4 Baking fats and shortenings.
8.5 Frying oils and fats.
8.6 Salad oils, mayonnaise and salad cream, French dressing.
8.7 Chocolate and confectionery fats.
8.8 Ice cream.
8.9 Incorporation of vegetable fats into dairy products.
8.10 Edible coatings.
8.11 Emulsifying agents.
8.12 Functional foods.
8.13 Appetite suppressants.
References and Further Reading.
Useful Websites.
Index.
