Surface- and Groundwater Quality Changes in Periods of Water Scarcity
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 14. September 2012
XVIII, 230 Seiten
978-3-642-32244-0 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
This thesis deals with the evaluation of surface and groundwater quality changes in the periods of water scarcity in river catchment areas. The work can be divided into six parts. Existing methods of drought assessment are discussed in the first part, followed by the brief description of the software package HydroOffice, designed by the author. The software is dedicated to analysis of hydrological data (separation of baseflow, parameters of hydrological drought estimation, recession curves analysis, time series analysis). The capabilities of the software are currently used by scientist from more than 30 countries around the world. The third section is devoted to a comprehensive regional assessment of hydrological drought on Slovak rivers, followed by evaluation of the occurrence, course and character of drought in precipitation, discharges, base flow, groundwater head and spring yields in the pilot area of the Nitra River basin. The fifth part is focused on the assessment of changes in surface and groundwater quality during the drought periods within the pilot area. Finally, the results are summarized and interpreted, and rounded off with an outlook to future research.
Weitere Details
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Inhalt
- Intro
- Surface- and GroundwaterQuality Changes in Periodsof Water Scarcity
- Supervisor's Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Acronyms and Symbols
- 1 Introduction
- 2 Methodology
- 2.1.Principles of Drought Analysis and Assessment
- 2.1.1 Drought Definitions and Types
- 2.1.2 Drought Risks and Impacts
- 2.1.3 Methods of Drought Assessment
- 2.1.3.1 Methods of Meteorological Drought Assessment
- 2.1.3.2 Methods for Assessment of Agronomical Drought
- 2.1.3.3 Methods for Hydrological Drought Assessment
- Low Flow Characteristics
- Deficit Characteristics
- Frequency and Probabilistic Analysis
- Drought Characteristics in Groundwater
- Complex Indicators of Hydrological Drought
- Regional Drought Characteristics
- 2.1.3.4 Evaluation Methods of Economic Consequences of Drought
- 2.2.Theoretical Basis of the Water Quality Assessment
- 2.2.1 Water Quality: Definition and Evaluation Methods
- 2.2.1.1 Definition of Water Quality
- 2.2.1.2 Methods of Water Quality Evaluation
- 2.2.1.3 Strategies for Water Quality Assessment
- 2.2.1.4 The Legislative Frame for the Water Quality Assessment
- 2.2.2 Water Quality Indicators
- 2.2.2.1 Physical Indicators of Water Quality
- 2.2.2.2 Chemical Indicators of Water Quality
- 2.2.2.3 Processing and Presentation of the Water Quality Assessment
- References
- 3 Software Tools Used at Work
- 3.1.HydroOffice
- 3.2.Hydrogeochemical Tools
- References
- 4 Area of Interest and its Natural Conditions
- 4.1.Geological and Pedological Conditions
- 4.2.Climatic Conditions
- 4.3.Hydrological Conditions
- 4.4.Hydrogeological Conditions and Currently Processed Research
- 4.5.Land Use of Assessed Area
- References
- 5 Analysis of Hydrological Drought
- 5.1.Foreword
- 5.2.Analysis of Hydrological Drought on River Profiles of Slovakia
- 5.2.1 Methods of Data Processing
- 5.2.2 Intensity Analysis of Hydrological Drought in Slovakia
- 5.2.3 Spatial Extent of Hydrological Drought
- 5.2.4 The Length of Drought Periods
- 5.2.5 Seasonality and Frequency of the Drought Periods in Slovakia
- 5.2.6 Classification and Drought Assessment
- 5.3.Meteorological Drought in the Upper Part of the Nitra River Catchment
- 5.4.Surface Water Drought in the Upper Part of the Nitra River Catchment
- 5.5.Groundwater Drought in the Upper Part of the Nitra River Catchment
- 5.6.Comparison of Drought Characteristics in the Evaluated Components of Runoff in the Upper Part of the Nitra River Catchment
- References
- 6 Water Quality Assessments in Dry Seasons
- 6.1.Introduction
- 6.2.Input Data and Used Methods
- 6.3.The General Assessment of Water Quality
- 6.4.Spatial Assessment of Water Quality
- 6.5.Temporal Assessment of Water Quality
- 6.6.Water Quality in the Periods of Hydrological Drought
- 6.7.Water Quality Assessment in Dry Seasons
- 6.7.1 Sodium
- 6.7.2 Potassium
- 6.7.3 Ammonia Nitrogen
- 6.7.4 Calcium
- 6.7.5 Magnesium
- 6.7.6 Manganese
- 6.7.7 Iron
- 6.7.8 Chloride
- 6.7.9 Nitrites
- 6.7.10 Nitrates
- 6.7.11 Bicarbonates
- 6.7.12 Sulphates
- 6.7.13 Phosphates
- 6.7.14 Silicates
- 6.7.15 Water Alkalinity
- 6.7.16 Water Acidity
- 6.7.17 Chemical Oxygen Demand
- 6.7.18 Oxygen
- 6.7.19 Oxygen Saturation
- 6.7.20 Electrolytic Conductivity
- 6.7.21 Total Dissolved Solids
- 6.7.22 Water pH
- 6.7.23 Water Temperature
- 6.7.24 Summary of Results
- References
- 7 Summary of Thesis Results
- 7.1.Development of New Hydrological and Hydro-Geochemical Software Tools
- 7.2.Assessment of Hydrological Drought in a Regional Scale
- 7.3.Evaluation of Meteorological Drought
- 7.4.Assessment of Hydrological Drought in Surface Waters
- 7.5.Assessment of Hydrological Drought in the Groundwater
- 7.6.Comparison of the Incidence and Nature of Drought in Individual Parts of the Catchment Hydrological Cycle
- 7.7.Assessment of Water Quality Changes During Hydrological Drought
- References
- 8 Recommendation for Further Research
- 9 Conclusions
- Appendix AAssessed Profiles of Rivers in Slovakia
- Appendix BAnalysis of the Achieved Deficitsin the Individual Catchments of Slovakia
- Appendix CAnalysis of the Relative Occurrenceof Maximum Annual Deficits in IndividualMonths of Year for Selected Catchments (in %)
- Appendix DStatistic Overview of Annual PrecipitationTotals in Evaluated Meteorological Stations(in mm)
- Appendix EStatistic Overview of Annual EffectivePrecipitation Totals in Evaluated MeteorologicalStations (in mm)
- Appendix FStatistic Overview of Annual EffectivePrecipitation Totals in Evaluated MeteorologicalStations with Consideration of Water VolumeTime Shift in Snow Cover
- Appendix GList of Selected Gauging Profiles on SurfaceStreams
- Appendix HList of Selected Groundwater MonitoringObjects
