
Commercial Crew Program, Space Telescopes and the Global Positioning System
Beschreibung
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Chapter 1
- NASA Commercial Crew Program: Plan Needed to Ensure Uninterrupted Access to the International Space Station*
- Abbreviations
- Why GAO Did This Study
- What GAO Recommends
- What GAO Found
- Background
- Current Program Contracts
- Certification
- Prior GAO Work
- Contractors Have Made Progress, but NASA Has Not Finalized Plans to Ensure ISS Access Given Persistent Delays
- Contractors Continue to Make Progress, but Risks Remain
- Program's Schedule Risk Analysis Indicates More Delays Likely to Certification Milestone
- NASA Has Neither Shared Complete Information on Delay Risk with Congress nor Developed a Contingency Plan
- Agency Certification Process Includes Mechanisms to Assess Safety, but Is Complicated by Assessment of Key Safety Metric and Oversight Structure
- Program Has Several Contractual Mechanisms to Assess Safety
- Certification Data Package
- Phased Safety Review Process
- Program Requirements
- Testing
- NASA Lacks a Consistent Approach to Assess Key Safety Metric
- The Commercial Crew Program's Organizational Structure Impairs Independence of Safety Technical Oversight Supporting the Certification Process
- Conclusion
- Recommendations for Executive Action
- Agency Comments and Our Evaluation
- Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
- Appendix II: Comments from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Appendix III: Staff Acknowledgments
- Appendix IV: Accessible Data
- Agency Comment Letter
- Text of Appendix II: Comments from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Recommendation 1
- Management's Response
- Recommendation 2
- Management's Response
- Estimated Completion Date
- Recommendation 3
- Management's Response
- Estimated Completion Date
- Recommendation 4
- Management's Response
- Estimated Completion Date
- Recommendation 5
- Management's Response
- Estimated Completion Date
- Chapter 2
- NASA Commercial Crew Program: Continued Delays Pose Risks for Uninterrupted Access to the International Space Station(
- Why GAO Did This Study
- What GAO Recommends
- What GAO Found
- Background
- Both Contractors Have Made Progress but Continue to Experience Schedule Delays
- Contractors Continue to Advance Development of Their
- Crew Transportation Systems
- Schedule Delays Continue, and Risks Remain to Final Certification Dates
- Aggressive Schedules
- Programmatic and Safety Risks
- SpaceX Risks
- Boeing Risks
- Program Safety Risk
- Program Office Workload
- Staff Acknowledgments
- Chapter 3
- Commercial Space Industry Launches a New Phase*
- Abstract
- Introduction
- The Commercial Space Industry
- Satellites
- Launch Services and Vehicles
- Launch Services
- Launch Vehicles
- Ground Systems
- Space-Related Products and Services
- Insurance
- New Entrants Change the Industry
- U.S. Government Redefines Procurement
- Private Financing Increases
- Growing Deployment of Small Satellites
- Commercial Space Workforce Declines
- Policy Issues for Congress
- Regulating and Managing Commercial Space
- Export Controls
- Spectrum Allocation
- Appendix A. Satellite Size Comparison
- Chapter 4
- NASA: Preliminary Observations on the Management of Space Telescopes*
- Why GAO Did This Study
- What GAO Recommends
- What GAO Found
- Background
- Status of NASA's Major Telescope Projects
- WFIRST
- TESS
- JWST
- Lessons Learned from NASA Acquisitions
- Manage Cost and Schedule Performance for Large Projects to Limit Implications for Entire Portfolio
- Establish Adequate Cost and Schedule Reserves to Address Risks
- Regularly and Consistently Update Project JCLs to Provide Realistic Estimates to Decision Makers
- Enhance Oversight of Contractors to Improve Project Outcomes
- Staff Acknowledgments
- Chapter 5
- James Webb Space Telescope: Integration and Test Challenges Have Delayed Launch and Threaten to Push Costs Over Cap(
- Abbreviations
- Why GAO Did This Study
- What GAO Recommends
- What GAO Found
- Background
- Schedule and Cost Reserves for NASA Projects
- History of Cost Growth and Schedule Delays
- Previous GAO Reviews of JWST Project
- Considerable Progress Made Across JWST Project, but Integration and Test Challenges Have Delayed Launch at Least 5 Months with Further Delays Likely
- JWST Project Completed Significant Integration and Test Work
- JWST Delayed Launch Due to Integration Challenges on the Spacecraft Element, Avoiding a Potential Launch Site Conflict
- JWST Project Consumed all of its Planned Schedule Reserve to Address Technical Challenges
- Ongoing Spacecraft Integration and Test Issues, Challenging Remaining Work, and Slow Contractor Performance Make Additional Launch Delays Likely
- Higher Contractor Workforce Levels to Address Continuing Technical Challenges Places JWST at Risk of Exceeding Cost Commitments
- Agency Comments and our Evaluation
- List of Committees
- Appendix I: Elements and Major Subsystems of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Observatory
- Appendix II: Staff Acknowledgments
- Appendix III: Accessible Data
- Data Tables
- Chapter 6
- Global Positioning System: Better Planning and Coordination Needed to Improve Prospects for Fielding Modernized Capability(
- Why GAO Did This Study
- What GAO Recommends
- What GAO Found
- Background
- Key GPS Modernization Points
- GPS Satellite Constellation
- Ground Control Segment
- Receiver Cards
- Acquisition Risks Persist on GPS III Satellites but Do Not Threaten Sustainment of the Constellation in the Short Term
- Progress: Programs Advancing to Support Constellation Sustainment Requirements
- Short-Term Challenges: Compressed and Concurrent Schedules, Component Issues with the First GPS III Satellite
- OCX Block 0 and Pre-Launch Testing Schedules
- First GPS III Satellite Capacitors
- Contingency Operations Schedule
- Short-Term Risk Mitigation: Nearly 2 Years of Schedule Buffer to When First GPS III Satellite Needed
- Long-Term Challenge: Most GPS III Satellites Under Contract Will Have Launched before Operational Testing Confirms Satellite Performance
- Modernizing GPS Military Broadcast Challenged by High-Risk Development Schedules
- High-Risk Programs Underlie Strategy to Deliver M-code Broadcast Capability
- MCEU
- OCX Blocks 1 and 2
- Greater Coordination Needed to Prevent Duplication of Effort Developing and Fielding M-code Receivers
- DOD Has Made Some Progress in Developing Technology for New M-code Receiver Cards
- Significant Development Work Remains to Eventually
- Field M-code Receiver Cards
- DOD Has Begun Cost and Schedule Planning
- Full Cost Is Unknown but Likely to be Many Billions of Dollars
- DOD Risks Duplication of Effort Integrating and Testing M-code Receiver Cards
- Conclusion
- Recommendations for Executive Action
- Agency Comments and Our Evaluation
- List of Committees
- Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
- Appendix II: Comments from the Department of Defense
- Appendix III: GPS Modernization Cost Increases, Original Baseline vs. Current Estimate
- Appendix IV: Staff Acknowledgments
- Appendix V: Accessible Data
- Data Tables
- Agency Comment Letter
- Text of Appendix II: Comments from the Department of Defense
- Department Of Defense Comments to the GAO Recommendation
- Index
- Blank Page
- Blank Page
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