Peter Between Jerusalem and Antioch
Peter, James, and the Gentiles
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 17. September 2013
340 Seiten
978-3-16-152355-7 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
Warum hörte Petrus in Antiochien auf, mit den nicht-jüdischen Christen zu essen (Gal 2:11-14), nachdem er seine Entscheidung, mit Cornelius zu essen, vor der ganzen Jerusalemer Kirche verteidigt hatte (Apg 11:1-18)? Jack Gibson untersucht zunächst die Eigenschaften des Petrus in den Evangelien und der Apostelgeschichte. Er zeigt, dass Petrus durchgehend als treuer Jünger dargestellt wird, dessen vorpfingstlicher Ungestüm darauf beruht, dass er die Botschaft Jesu nicht versteht und dessen nachpfingstliche Kühnheit sich aus seinem neuen Verständnis der Botschaft ergibt. Der historische Hintergrund des Vorfalls in Antiochien wird betrachtet, vor allem die Reaktion der Juden auf die Herrschaft der Römer; eine Reaktion, die von passivem Widerstand während der Herrschaft der römischen Präfekte und Herodes Agrippa (6-44 n. Chr.) und die wachsende Akzeptanz durch die breite Massen nach Agrippas Tod gekennzeichnet war. Petrus' Beziehung zu Jakobus und Paulus wird analysiert und schließt mit einer Einschätzung von Petrus' Beweggründen, nicht mehr mit den Heiden zu essen.
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Inhalt
- Cover
- Preface
- Table of Contents
- Chapter 1. Peter at Antioch
- I. History of Research
- A. Baur and the Antioch Incident
- B. The Antioch Incident in Recent Scholarship
- C. Survey of Scholarship on Major Issues within Gal 2:11-14
- 1. Identity and Message of the "Men from James"
- 2. Peter's Reasons for Withdrawing from Table Fellowship
- 3. Did Paul Prevail at Antioch?
- II. Methodology
- III. Plan of the Thesis
- Chapter 2. The Characterization of Peter in the Gospels
- I. Peter's Background
- II. The Calling of Peter (Mark 1:16-18
- Matt 4:18-20
- Luke 5:1-11
- John 1:40-42)
- A. Mark 1:16-18
- B. Matthew 4:18-20
- C. Luke 5:1-11
- D. John 1:40-42
- E. The Name of Peter
- F. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- III. Peter Walks on Water (Matt 14:26-31)
- A. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- IV. Confession of Peter: Mark 8:27-30
- Matt 16:13-20
- Luke 9:18-22
- John 6:66-69)
- A. Mark 8:27-30
- B. Matthew 16:13-20
- C. Luke 9:18-22
- D. John 6:66-69
- E. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- V. Peter Rebukes Jesus (Mark 8:31-33
- Matt 16:21-23)
- A. Mark 8:31-33
- B. Matthew 16:21-23
- C. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- VI. Transfiguration of Jesus: (Mark 9:2-8
- Matt 17:1-8
- Luke 9:28-36)
- A. Mark 9:2-8
- B. Matthew 17:1-8
- C. Luke 9:28-36
- D. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- VII. Washing of the Disciples' Feet (John 13:2-11)
- A. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- VIII. Prediction of Peter's Denials (Mark 14:27-31
- Matt 26:31-35
- Luke 22:31-34
- John 13:36-38)
- A. Mark 14:27-31
- B. Matthew 26:31-35
- C. Luke 22:31-34
- D. John 13:36-38
- E. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- IX. Prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane (Mark 14:32-42
- Matt 26:36-46
- Luke 22:39-46)
- A. Mark 14:32-42
- B. Matthew 26:36-46
- C. Luke 22:39-46
- D. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- X. Peter Defends Jesus (John 18:10-11)
- A. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- XI. Peter's Denials (Mark 14:54, 66-72
- Matt 26:58, 69-75
- Luke 22:54b-62
- John 18:15-18, 25-27)
- A. Mark 14:54, 66-72
- B. Matthew 26:58, 69-75
- C. Luke 22:54b-62
- D. John 18:15-18, 25-27
- E. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- XII. Peter Races to the Empty Tomb (Luke 24:12
- John 20:2-10)
- A. Luke 24:12
- B. John 20:2-10
- C. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- XIII. Resurrection Appearances of Jesus to Peter (John 21:1-23)
- A. Summary of Peter's Characterization
- XIV. Conclusion
- Chapter 3. The Characterization of Peter in Acts
- I. Peter in Acts Pre-Pentecost (Acts 1)
- A. Historicity of Acts 1
- B. Summary of Peter's Characterization in Acts 1
- II. Peter and Pentecost (Acts 2)
- A. Historicity of Acts 2
- B. Summary of Peter's Characterization in Acts 2
- III. Peter in Jerusalem after Pentecost (Acts 3-5)
- A. Historicity of Acts 3-5
- B. Summary of Peter's Characterization in Acts 3-5
- IV. Peter in Samaria, Lydda, and Joppa (Acts 8:14-24
- 9:32-43)
- A. Historicity of Acts 8:14-24
- 9:32-43
- B. Summary of Peter's Characterization in Acts 8:14-24
- 9:32-43
- V. Peter and Cornelius (Acts 10:1-11:18)
- A. Second Temple Judaism and Gentiles
- B. Peter and His Pre-Joppa Views on Gentiles
- C. The Link between Table Fellowship and Communal Unity
- D. The Transformation of Peter (Acts 10:1-48)
- E. Peter's Defense in Jerusalem (Acts 11:1-18)
- F. Historicity of Acts 10:1-11:18
- G. Summary of Peter's Characterization in Acts 10:1-11:18
- VI. Peter's Miraculous Escape from Prison and Its Implications for the Jerusalem Church (Acts 12:1-17)
- A. Historicity of Acts 12:1-17
- B. Summary of Peter's Characterization in Acts 12:1-17
- VII. Conclusion
- Chapter 4. The Nature of Jewish Resistance to Roman Rule from A.D. 6-52
- I. Josephus as Historian
- II. The Evidence
- A. Herod the Great (37-4 B.C.)
- B. War of Varus (6 B.C.-4 B.C.)
- C. Judas the Galilean and the Fourth Philosophy
- D. Roman Prefects and Agrippa I (A.D. 6-44)
- 1. The First Four Prefects (A.D. 6-26)
- 2. Pontius Pilate (A.D. 26-36)
- 3. Gaius, the Statue, and Petronius (A.D. 39-41)
- 4. Herod Agrippa I (A.D. 41-44)
- 5. Conclusion
- E. Roman Procurators through Cumanus (A.D. 44-52)
- 1. Cuspius Fadus (A.D. 44-46)
- 2. Tiberius Alexander (A.D. 46-48)
- 3. Jews in Rome and Alexandria in the 40s A.D.
- 4. Ventidius Cumanus (A.D. 48-52)
- 5. Conclusion
- III. The Origin of the Jewish Revolutionary Movement
- A. Martin Hengel
- B. Jonathan Price
- C. Richard Horsley and John Hanson
- D. David Rhoads
- E. Doron Mendels
- F. Conclusion
- Chapter 5. The Antioch Incident
- I. Chronological Issues
- II. Peter and Paul Prior to the Antioch Incident
- III. Peter and James Prior to the Antioch Incident
- A. James and the Jerusalem Church
- B. James and Gentiles
- 1. Galatians 2:1-10
- 2. Acts 15:1-29
- IV. Peter and Paul in Antioch (Gal 2:11-14)
- V. Peter's Rationale for Withdrawing from the Gentiles
- A. Was Peter Vacillating?
- B. Did the Jerusalem Agreement Obligate Peter to Withdraw from the Gentiles?
- C. Did Peter Believe the Gentiles Should Be Circumcised?
- D. Was Peter Playing the Role of Mediator?
- E. Was Peter Concerned with His Position in the Church?
- F. Was Peter Concerned about Persecution?
- VI. The Outcome of the Antioch Incident
- Chapter 6. Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index of Ancient Sources
- A. Hebrew Scriptures and Septuagint
- B. New Testament
- C. Apocrypha and Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
- D. New Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha
- E. Josephus
- F. Philo
- G. Dead Sea Scrolls
- H. Mishnah, Talmud, Targums
- I. Early Christian Literature
- J. Greco-Roman Literature
- Index of Authors
- Index of Subjects
