Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook, Third Edition

Name: Mobile Antenna Systems Handbook, Third Edition
Brand: Artech House
Price: 195.99 EUR
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Kyohei Fujimoto(Autor*in)

Artech House (Verlag)

Erschienen am 1. Januar 2008

710 Seiten

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978-1-59693-127-5 (ISBN)

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Mobile Antenna Systems HandbookThird Edition
Contents
Preface to the Third Edition
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Chapter 1 Importance of Antennas in Mobile Systems and Recent Trends
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 TRENDS
1.2.1 Mobile Systems
1.2.2 Increasing Information Flow
1.2.3 Propagation
1.3 MODERN MOBILE ANTENNA DESIGN
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THIS BOOK
REFERENCES
Chapter 2 Essential Techniques in Mobile Antenna Systems Design
2.1 MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
2.1.1 Technologies in Mobile Communications [1]
2.1.2 Frequencies Used in Mobile Systems
2.1.3 System Design and Antennas
2.2 FUNDAMENTALS IN LAND MOBILE PROPAGATION
2.2.1 Propagation Problems in Land Mobile Communications
2.2.2 Multipath Propagation Fundamentals
2.2.3 Classification of Multipath Propagation Models: NB, WB, and UWB
2.2.4 Spatio-Temporal Propagation Channel Model
2.2.5 Relation Between Space Correlation Characteristics and Space Diversity Effect
2.2.6 Propagation Modeling for OFDM
2.2.7 Propagation Studies for UWB
REFERENCES
Chapter 3 Advances in Mobile Propagation Prediction Methods
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 MACROCELLS
3.2.1 Definition of Parameters
3.2.2 Empirical Path Loss Models
3.2.3 Physical Models
3.2.4 Comparison of Models
3.2.5 Computerized Planning Tools
3.2.6 Conclusions
3.3 MICROCELLS
3.3.1 Dual-Slope Empirical Models
3.3.2 Physical Models
3.3.3 Nonline-of-Sight Models
3.3.4 Microcell Propagation Models: Discussion
3.3.5 Microcell Shadowing
3.3.6 Conclusions
3.4 PICOCELLS
3.4.1 Empirical Models of Propagation Within Buildings
3.4.2 Empirical Models of Propagation into Buildings
3.4.3 Physical Models of Indoor Propagation
3.4.4 Constitutive Parameters for Physical Models
3.4.5 Propagation in Picocells: Discussion
3.4.6 Multipath Effects
3.4.7 Conclusions
3.5 MEGACELLS
3.5.1 Shadowing and Fast Fading
3.5.2 Local Shadowing Effects
3.5.3 Empirical Narrowband Models
3.5.4 Statistical Models
3.5.5 Physical-Statistical Models for Built-Up Areas
3.5.6 Wideband Models
3.5.7 Multisatellite Correlations
3.5.8 Overall Mobile-Satellite Channel Model
3.6 THE FUTURE
3.6.1 Intelligent Antennas
3.6.2 Multidimensional Channel Models
3.6.3 High-Resolution Data
3.6.4 Analytical Formulations
3.6.5 Physical-Statistical Channel Modeling
3.6.6 Real-Time Channel Predictions
3.6.7 Overall
REFERENCES
Chapter 4 Antennas for Base Stations
4.1 BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR BASE STATION ANTENNAS
4.1.1 System Requirements [1]
4.1.2 Types of Antennas
4.1.3 Radio Zone Design
4.1.4 Diversity
4.2 DESIGN AND PRACTICE OF JAPANESE SYSTEMS
4.2.1 Multiband Antennas
4.2.2 Remote Beam Tilting System
4.2.3 Antennas for Radio Blind Areas
4.2.4 Antennas for CDMA Systems
4.3 ADAPTIVE ANTENNA SYSTEMS
4.3.1 Personal Handy Phone System [45]
4.3.2 W-OAM
4.3.3 i-Burst System
4.3.4 Experimental System of Adaptive Array for WCDMA
4.3.5 Experimental System of Adaptive Array for CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
4.4 DESIGN AND PRACTICE II (EUROPEAN SYSTEMS)
4.4.1 Antenna Configurations
4.4.2 Antenna Solutions
4.4.3 Antenna Units
4.4.4 Antenna Development Trends
REFERENCES
Chapter 5 Antennas for Mobile Terminals
5.1 BASIC TECHNIQUES FOR MOBILE TERMINAL ANTENNAS
5.1.1 General
5.1.2 Brief Historical Review of Design Concept [2]
5.1.3 Modern Antenna Technology
5.2 DESIGN AND PRACTICE OF ANTENNAS FOR HANDSETS I
5.2.1 Some Fundamental Issues
5.2.2 Various Multiband Antenna Concepts
5.2.3 Antenna Integration and Some Practical Issues
5.2.4 The Multichannel Antenna Applications
5.2.5 Human Body Interaction with Terminal Antennas and Some Measurement Methods
5.3 DESIGN AND PRACTICE OF ANTENNAS FOR HANDSETS
5.3.1 Multiband and Broad Band Antenna Technologies
5.3.2 Diversity Antenna Technologies
5.3.3 Antenna Technologies Mitigating Human Body Effect
5.3.4 Antenna Technologies for Reducing SAR
5.3.5 Technique of Omitting Balun
5.3.6 Technology of Downsizing PIFA
5.4 EVALUATION OF ANTENNA PERFORMANCE
5.4.1 Measurement Method Using Optical Fiber
REFERENCES
Chapter 6 Radio Frequency Exposure and Compliance Standards for Mobile Communication Devices
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 PHYSICAL PARAMETERS
6.3 TYPES OF RF SAFETY STANDARDS
6.4 EXPOSURE STANDARDS
6.4.1 ICNIRP
6.4.2 IEEE C95.1-2005
6.4.3 Similarities and Differences Between the 1998 ICNIRP Guidelines and IEEE C95.1-2005
6.4.4 Regulations Based on Older Standards
6.5 COMPLIANCE STANDARDS
6.5.1 Main Features of IEEE 1528-2003 (Including 1528a-2005) and IEC 62209-1
6.5.2 Other Standards Related to Mobile Communication
6.6 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 7 Applications of Modern EM Computational Techniques: Antennas and Humans in Personal Communications
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 DEFINITION OF DESIGN PARAMETERS FOR HANDSET ANTENNAS
7.2.1 Absorbed Power and Specific Absorption Rate
7.2.2 Directivity and Gain
7.2.3 Antenna Impedance and S11
7.3 FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN FORMULATION
7.4 EIGENFUNCTION EXPANSION METHOD
7.4.1 EEM Implementation
7.4.2 Hybridization of the EEM and MoM
7.5 RESULTS USING EEM
7.5.1 Human Head Model
7.5.2 EM Interaction Characterizations
7.5.3 Effects of Size of the Head Model: Adult and Child
7.5.4 Comparison Between Homogeneous and Multilayered Spheres
7.5.5 Vertical Location of Antennas
7.5.6 Comparison with EEM and FDTD
7.5.7 Anatomical Head Versus Spherical Head
7.5.8 Directional Antennas
7.5.9 High-Frequency Effect
7.6 RESULTS USING THE FDTD METHOD
7.6.1 Tissue Models
7.6.2 Input Impedance and the Importance of the Hand Position
7.6.3 Gain Patterns
7.6.4 Near Fields and SAR
7.7 ASSESSMENT OF DUAL-ANTENNA HANDSET DIVERSITY PERFORMANCE
7.7.1 Dual-Antenna Handset Geometries
7.7.2 Simulated Assessment of Diversity Performance
7.7.3 Experimental Assessment of Diversity Performance
7.7.4 Results
REFERENCES
Chapter 8 Digital TV Antennas for Land Vehicles
8.1 RECEPTION SYSTEMS
8.1.1 Digital Television Services in Japan
8.1.2 Problems of Mobile Reception
8.1.3 Diversity Reception Methods
8.1.4 Demonstration
8.2 DIGITAL TELEVISION ANTENNAS
8.2.1 Quarter Glass Antenna for a Van
8.2.2 Thin Antenna
8.2.3 Omnidirectional Pattern Synthesis Technique for a Car
8.2.4 Antennas Currently on the Market
REFERENCES
Chapter 9 Antennas for the Bullet Train
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 TRAIN RADIO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
9.3 ANTENNA SYSTEMS
9.3.1 LCX Cable
9.3.2 Train Antenna
REFERENCES
Chapter 10 Antennas for ITS
10.1 GENERAL
10.2 ANTENNA DESIGN
10.2.1 Communication Beam Coverage
10.2.2 Antenna Fundamental Design
10.2.3 Microstrip Antenna Design
10.2.4 Communication Coverage
10.2.5 Multiple Reflections
10.3 FIELD STRENGTH IN COMMUNICATION AREA
10.3.1 Multiple Reflections from Canopies
10.3.2 Mitigation Using an Absorber at the ETC Gate
10.3.3 Propagation in DSRC Coverage
10.3.4 Data Rate of DSRC
10.4 ANTENNAS FOR DSRC
10.5 APPLICATIONS FOR DSRC
REFERENCES
Chapter 11 Antennas for Mobile Satellite Systems
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR VEHICLE ANTENNAS
11.2.1 Mechanical Characteristics
11.2.2 Electrical Characteristics
11.2.3 Propagation Problems
11.3 OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
11.3.1 Overview
11.3.2 Quadrifilar Helical Antenna
11.3.3 Crossed-Drooping Dipole Antenna
11.3.4 Patch Antenna
11.4 DIRECTIONAL ANTENNAS FOR MOBILE SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
11.4.1 Antennas for INMARSAT
11.4.2 Directional Antennas in the ETS-V Program
11.4.3 Airborne Phased Array Antenna in the Domestic Satellite Phone Program
11.4.4 Directional Antennas in the MSAT Program
11.4.5 Directional Antennas in the Ku-Band CBB Program
11.5 ANTENNA SYSTEMS FOR GPS
11.5.1 General Requirements for GPS Antennas
11.5.2 Quadrifilar Helical Antennas
11.5.3 Microstrip Antennas
11.6 MULTIBAND ANTENNAS FOR FUTURE GPS/ITS SERVICES
11.6.1 Slot Ring Multiband Antenna for Future Dual Bands (L1, L2 ) GPS
11.6.2 Microstrip Multiband Antennas for GPS, VICS, and DSRC
11.7 SATELLITE CONSTELLATION SYSTEMS AND ANTENNA REQUIREMENTS
11.7.1 Constellation Systems and Demands on Antenna Design
11.7.2 Handset Antennas for Satellite Systems
REFERENCES
Chapter 12 UWB Antennas
12.1 UWB SYSTEMS: INTRODUCTION
12.2 REQUIREMENTS FOR UWB ANTENNAS
12.2.1 Basic Principle of UWB Antennas
12.2.2 Modeling and Structure of Feeding Points
12.2.3 Current Distributions of Circular Disc Monopole Antenna
12.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULAR UWB ANTENNAS
12.3.1 Three-Dimensional UWB Antennas
12.3.2 Planar UWB Antennas
12.3.3 CPW Feed
12.3.4 Multilayer Technologies
12.3.5 Band-Rejection for Coexistence with Other Wireless Systems
12.4 WIRE-STRUCTURED UWB ANTENNAS AND WIRE-GRID MODELING SIMULATION
12.4.1 High Efficiency Moment Method
12.5 UWB ANTENNAS IN SPECIFIC WIRELESS ENVIRONMENTS
12.5.1 UWB Antennas Used in Unlicensed and Autonomous Wireless Environments
12.5.2 Measurements of Multipath Propagation Environments for UWB Antennas
12.5.3 Transmission Characteristics of UWB Antennas and Effects of the Human Body
12.5.4 UWB Antennas Near the Human Body
12.6 UWB ANTENNA EVALUATION INDEXES
12.7 UWB ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS
12.7.1 Radiation Pattern Measurements
12.7.2 Impedance Measurements
12.7.3 Scale Model Measurements
12.7.4 Impedance Measurements with Two Coaxial Cables
12.8 INTEGRATED ANTENNA DESIGN APPROACH BASED ON LSI TECHNOLOGY
12.9 RADIO WAVE RESOURCE SHARING WITH TECHNOLOGY LEADERSHIP AND THE ROLE OF THE ANTENNA [11]
REFERENCES
Chapter 13 Antennas for RFID
13.1 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN RFID SYSTEM
13.1.1 What Is RFID?
13.1.2 Operating Frequencies
13.1.3 Operating Principles
13.1.4 Read Range
13.2 READER ANTENNAS
13.2.1 Fixed Reader
13.2.2 Mobile Reader
13.3 TAG ANTENNAS
13.3.1 Structure of a Tag Antenna
13.3.2 Impedance Matching
13.3.3 Tags on Metallic Surface
13.3.4 Bandwidth-Enhanced Tag Antennas
13.3.5 SAW Tags
13.4 MEASUREMENT OF TAG ANTENNAS
13.4.1 Measurement of the Tag Antenna Impedance
13.4.2 Read Range Measurement
13.4.3 Efficiency Measurement
REFERENCES
Chapter 14 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Systems
14.1 INTRODUCTION
14.2 DIVERSITY IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
14.2.1 Time Diversity
14.2.2 Frequency Diversity
14.2.3 Space Diversity
14.3 MULTIANTENNA SYSTEMS
14.4 MIMO SYSTEMS
14.5 CHANNEL CAPACITY OF THE MIMO SYSTEMS
14.6 CHANNEL KNOWN AT THE TRANSMITTER
14.6.1 Water-Filling Algorithm
14.7 CHANNEL UNKNOWN AT THE TRANSMITTER
14.7.1 Alamouti Scheme
14.8 DIVERSITY-MULTIPLEXING TRADE-OFF
14.9 MIMO UNDER AN ELECTROMAGNETIC VIEWPOINT
14.9.1 Case Study 1
14.9.2 Case Study 2
14.9.3 Case Study 3
14.9.4 Case Study 4
14.9.5 Case Study 5
14.10 CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Chapter 15 Smart Antennas
15.1 DEFINITION
15.2 WHY SMART ANTENNAS?
15.3 INTRODUCTION
15.4 BACKGROUND
15.5 BEAM FORMING
15.5.1 Minimum Mean Square Error [15]
15.5.2 Minimum Variance Distortionless Response
15.6 DIRECT DATA DOMAIN LEAST SQUARES (D3LS) APPROACHES TO ADAPTIVE PROCESSING BASED ON A SINGLE SNAPSHOT OF DATA
15.6.1 Eigenvalue Method [13]
15.6.2 Forward Method [13]
15.6.3 Backward Method [13]
15.6.4 Forward-Backward Method [13]
15.7 SIMULATIONS
15.8 CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Appendix A Glossary
A.1 CATALOG OF ANTENNA TYPES
A.1.1 Linear Antennas
A.1.2 Material Loading
A.1.3 Planar Antenna
A.1.4 Broadband and Multiband Antennas
A.1.5 Balance-Unbalance Transforming
A.1.6 Arrays and Diversity Systems
A.1.7 Recent Innovative Concepts
REFERENCES
A.1.8 Key to Symbols and Acronyms Used in Sections A.2 to A.6
A.2 LAND MOBILE SYSTEMS
A.2.1 Automobiles
A.2.2 Portable Equipment
A.2.3 Trains
A.2.4 Base Stations
A.2.5 Satellite Systems
A.2.6 UWB
A.2.7 RFID
A.3 TYPICAL ANTENNA TYPES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Acronyms and Abbreviations
List of Contributors
Index

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