Key Congressional Reports for July 2019 - International Relations

Name: Key Congressional Reports for July 2019 - International Relations
Brand: Nova Science Publishers Inc
Price: 238.99 EUR
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Daecher Frank(Herausgeber*in)

Nova Science Publishers Inc

Erschienen am 24. Dezember 2019

354 Seiten

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978-1-5361-6867-9 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Intro
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Haiti's Political and Economic Conditions(
Summary
Political Background
Economic Background
Security: U.N. Missions, Haitian Police, and Revival of the Haitian Army
Concerns over Haitians and People of Haitian Descent in the Dominican Republic
U.S. Relations with Haiti
U.S. Assistance
Counternarcotics
Immigration
Temporary Protected Status
The Haitian Family Reunification Parole Program
Human Rights
Human Trafficking
Chapter 2
Oman: Politics, Security, and U.S. Policy (Updated)(
Summary
Introduction
Democratization, Human Rights, and Unrest
Potential Successors
Representative Institutions, Election History, and Unrest
Appointed State Council
Unrest Casts Doubt on Satisfaction with Pace of Political Reform
Recent Elections
2015 Consultative Council Election and 2016 Municipal Elections
2019 Elections
Broader Human Rights Issues
Freedom of Expression, Media, and Association
Trafficking in Persons and Labor Rights
Religious Freedom
Advancement of Women
Foreign Policy/Regional Issues
Iran
Oman, Iran, and Yemen
Oman as a Go-Between for the United States and Iran
Cooperation Against the Islamic State Organization and on Syria and Iraq
Israeli-Palestinian Dispute and Related Issues
Defense and Security Issues
U.S. Access to Omani Military Facilities
2019 Port Access Agreement
Oman's Defense Relations with other Militaries
U.S. Arms Sales and Other Security Assistance to Oman
Professionalizing Oman's Forces: IMET Program and Other Programs
Cooperation Against Terrorism and Terrorism Financing
Anti-Money Laundering and Countering Terrorism Financing (AML/CFT)
Countering Violent Extremism
Economic and Trade Issues
U.S.-Oman Economic Relations
Chapter 3
Department of State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs: FY2020 Budget and Appropriations(
Summary
Overview
The Budget Control Act and Overseas Contingency Operations
Congressional Action
House SFOPS Legislation
State Department Operations and Related Agency Highlights
Proposed New Account
Selected Key Programs and Priorities
Diplomatic Programs
Diplomatic Security
Assessments to International Organizations and Peacekeeping Missions
Foreign Operations Highlights
Proposed Account Consolidations and Restructuring
Independent Agencies
Multilateral Assistance
Export Promotion Assistance/International Development Finance Corporation (IDFC)
Key Sectors
Global Health
Humanitarian Assistance
Security Assistance
Other Foreign Assistance Sectors
Country and Regional Aid Allocations
Appendix A. SFOPS Funding, by Account
Appendix B. International Affairs Budget
Appendix C. SFOPS Organization Chart
Chapter 4
Sudan's Uncertain Transition*
Overview
Protests, Revolution, and Repression
The TMC: Bashir's Security Chiefs Seize Control
International Responses
Foreign Interests in Sudan
International Views on the Role of Military Leaders in Government
The Humanitarian Situation
The Situation in Darfur
U.S. Policy
Considerations for Congress
Chapter 5
Iran's Nuclear Program: Tehran's Compliance with International Obligations (Updated)*
Summary
Introduction
Background
Iran and the IAEA
Potential Noncompliance After September 2005
Iran and the U.N. Security Council
Authority for IAEA and U.N. Security Council Actions
IAEA Statute
U.N. Charter and the Security Council
Has Iran Violated the NPT?
Appendix A. Iranian Noncompliance with Its IAEA Safeguards Agreement
Appendix B. IAEA Special Inspections
Appendix C. Extended Remarks by William Foster Regarding Possible NPT Article II Violations
Chapter 6
Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy*
Summary
Purpose and Scope
Overview
U.S. Military Operations
September 11 and Start of Operation Enduring Freedom (2001-2009)
Obama Administration: "Surge" and Drawdown (2009-2014)
Bilateral Accords: Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA) and Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA)
Resolute Support Mission (2015-Present)
Alterations to the Drawdown Schedule and Rules of Engagement
Developments during the Trump Administration
Security Dynamics: The Taliban and Other Armed Groups
Taliban Insurgency
Haqqani Network
Islamic State-Khorasan Province
Al Qaeda
Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF)
Afghan National Army (ANA)
Afghan Air Force (AAF)
Afghan National Police (ANP)
Afghan Local Police (ALP)
Regional Dimension
Pakistan
Afghanistan-Pakistan Relations
Pakistan and U.S. Policy in Afghanistan
Iran
India
Russia
China
Persian Gulf States
Multilateral Fora
Reconciliation Efforts
Afghan Government Initiatives
U.S.-Taliban Talks
Developments under the Trump Administration
Afghan Governance and Politics
Constitution and Political System
Politics of Ethnicity and Elections
Aid, Economic Development, and Human Rights
U.S. Assistance to Afghanistan
Aid Conditionality and Oversight
Other International Donors and Multilateral Trust Funds
Economic and Human Development
Infrastructure
Agriculture
Mining and Gems
Oil, Gas, and Related Pipelines
Education
Trade
General Human Rights Issues
Status of Women
Selected Metrics
Afghan Government Efforts
U.S. Policy
Religious Freedoms and Minorities
Human Trafficking
Outlook
Appendix A. Historical Timeline, 1747-2001
Appendix B. Soviet War in Afghanistan
Appendix C. U.S. Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan (SIGAR)
Acknowledgments
Chapter 7
Honduras: Background and U.S. Relations (Updated)*
Summary
Domestic Situation
U.S. Policy
Introduction
Politics and Governance
Hernández Administration
Anti-Corruption Progress and Setbacks
Economic and Social Conditions
Security Conditions
U.S.-Honduran Relations
Foreign Assistance
FY2019 Appropriations Legislation
Potential Suspension of Assistance
Migration Issues
Recent Flows of Migrants and Asylum-Seekers
Deportations and Temporary Protected Status
Security Cooperation
Citizen Safety
Counternarcotics
Human Rights Concerns
U.S. Initiatives
Human Rights Restrictions on Foreign Assistance
Commercial Ties
Trade and Investment
Labor Rights
Outlook
Chapter 8
Iran's Foreign and Defense Policies (Updated)*
Summary
Introduction
Drivers of Iran's Policy
Threat Perception
Ideology
National Interests
Factional Interests, Competition, and Public Opinion
Instruments of Iran's National Security Strategy
Support to Allied Regimes and Groups and Use of Terrorism
Direct Military Action/Cyber Attacks
Other Political Action/Soft Power
Diplomacy
Iran's Nuclear and Defense Programs
Nuclear Program
Iran's Nuclear Intentions and Activities
Nuclear Weapons Time Frame Estimates
Diplomatic History of Addressing Iran's Nuclear Program
The Obama Administration and the JCPOA
Joint Plan of Action (JPA)
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)
The Trump Administration and the Deterioration of the JCPOA
Missile Programs and Chemical and Biological Weapons Capability
Chemical and Biological Weapons
Missiles
U.S. and U.N. Responses to Iran's Missile Tests
U.S. and Other Missile Defenses
Conventional and "Asymmetric Warfare" Capability
Asymmetric Warfare Capacity
Military-to-Military Relationships
Iranian Arms Transfers and U.N. Restrictions
Defense Budget
Countering Iran's Malign Activities
Coalition Building
Threatening Military Action
Near East Region
Iranian Funding
The Persian Gulf
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Qatar
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Iranian Threats to Gulf Security
U.S.-GCC Defense Cooperation Agreements
Middle East Strategic Alliance (MESA)
Bilateral U.S.-Gulf Defense Agreements and U.S. Forces in the Gulf
Iranian Policy on Iraq, Syria, and the Islamic State
Iraq
Iranian Advice and Funding to Iraqi Militias
Some Major Iran-Backed Militias and Their Offshoots
U.S. Policy to Curb Iranian Influence in Iraq
Syria
Iranian Military and Financial Support to Asad
U.S. Policy to Limit Iranian Influence in Syria
Hamas, Hezbollah, and other Anti-Israel Groups
Israel
Hamas
Iranian Financial Support to Hamas
Hezbollah
Iranian Financial and Military Support
U.S. Policy to Reduce Iran's Support for Hezbollah
Yemen/Bab el Mandeb Strait
Financial and Advisory Support
U.S. Policy to Counter Iranian Influence in Yemen
Turkey
North Africa
Egypt
Morocco
South and Central Asia
The South Caucasus
Central Asia
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
South Asia
Afghanistan
Pakistan
India
Russia
Europe
East Asia
China
Japan and South Korea
North Korea
Latin America
Venezuela
Argentina
Africa
Sudan
Outlook
Chapter 9
Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy (Updated)*
Summary
History and Governance
Leadership Structure
Elected National Assembly
Political Factions in and Outside the National Assembly
Government Supporters
Critics/Opponents
Post-2006 Political Turmoil: Assembly Suspensions and Elections
Elections during 2006-2009
Arab Uprisings Intensify Political Strife
Recent Developments
Broader Human Rights Issues
Women's Rights
Trafficking in Persons and Labor Rights
Status of Noncitizens and "Stateless Persons" (Bidoons)
Freedom of Expression and Media Freedoms
Religious Freedom
U.S.-Kuwait Relations and Defense Cooperation
Defense Cooperation Agreement (DCA), Strategic Dialogue, and Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) Status
U.S. Troops in Kuwait and Facilities Used
Major Non-NATO Ally Status
Operational Defense Cooperation: 1987-2011
Iran-Iraq War
Operation Desert Storm and Iraq Containment
Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Post-Saddam Iraq
Operation Inherent Resolve
Defense Cooperation with Other Countries/NATO Center
U.S. Arms Sales to Kuwait
Major U.S. Arms Sales to Kuwait
International Military Education and Training (IMET)
Foreign Policy Issues
Intra-GCC Issues
Relations with Iraq
Residual Issues from the Iraqi Invasion
Reparations Payments
Missing Kuwaitis and Kuwaiti National Archives
Kuwait-Iraq Border
Other Outstanding Bilateral Disputes/Iraqi Airways
Iran
Syria
Yemen
Kuwaiti Policy on Other Regional Conflicts and Issues
Egypt/Muslim Brotherhood
Palestinian-Israeli Dispute
North Korea
Domestic Terrorism and Counterterrorism Cooperation
Terrorism Financing Issues
U.S. Assistance
Countering Violent Extremism
Economic Issues
Nuclear Power
U.S.-Kuwait Economic Issues
U.S. Assistance
Index
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