Measurements using Optic and RF Waves

Name: Measurements using Optic and RF Waves
Brand: Wiley-ISTE
Price: 154.99 EUR
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Frederique de Fornel Pierre-Noël Favennec(Herausgeber*in)

Wiley-ISTE (Verlag)

Erschienen am 4. Februar 2013

312 Seiten

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Inhalt

Cover
Measurements using Optic and RF Waves
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1. Electromagnetic Environment
1.1. Electromagnetic radiation sources
1.1.1. Optical sources
1.1.2. Radioelectric sources
1.1.3. Indoor and outdoor electric wires
1.1.4. Fields resulting from all the emissions
1.2. Electromagnetic fields
1.3. Bibliography
Chapter 2. From Measurement to Control of Electromagnetic Waves using a Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Principle of the measurement using a local probe
2.2.1. Overcoming Rayleigh's limit
2.2.2. Classification of the experimental set-up
2.2.3. Probe motion above a sample
2.2.4. Aperture microscope in collection mode under constant distance mode
2.3. Measurement of the electromagnetic field distribution inside nanophotonic components
2.3.1. W1 photonic crystal waveguide
2.3.2. Photonic crystal microcavity
2.4. Measuring the amplitude and phase in optical near-field
2.5. Active optical near-field microscopy
2.6. Conclusion
2.7. Acknowledgements
2.8. Bibliography
Chapter 3. Meteorological Visibility Measurement: Meteorological Optical Range
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Definitions
3.3. Atmospheric composition
3.3.1. Gaseous composition
3.3.2. Aerosols
3.4. Atmospheric effects on light propagation
3.4.1. Atmospheric absorption
3.4.2. Atmospheric scattering
3.4.3. Extinction and total spectral transmission
3.5. Units and scales
3.6. Measurement methods
3.6.1. Visual estimation of the meteorological optical range
3.6.2. Meteorological optical range measurement instruments
3.6.3. Exposure and implantation of instruments
3.7. Visibility perturbation factors
3.8. Applications
3.8.1. Meteorology applications
3.8.2. Aeronautic applications
3.8.3. Free space optic telecommunications applications
3.8.4. Automative safety applications
3.9. Appendix - optical contrast and Koschmieder's law
3.10. Glossary
3.11. Bibliography
Chapter 4. Low Coherence Interferometry
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Phase measurement
4.2.1. Low coherence interferometry
4.2.2. Optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR)
4.3. Metrology considerations
4.3.1. Wavelength
4.3.2. Relative group delay
4.3.3. Chromatic dispersion
4.4. Applications
4.4.1. Characterization of photonic crystal fibers
4.4.2. Amplifying fiber characterization
4.4.3. Local characterization of fiber Bragg gratings
4.4.4. Strain and temperature sensors
4.5. Conclusion
4.6. Bibliography
Chapter 5. Passive Remote Sensing at Submillimeter Wavelengths and THz
5.1. Introduction
5.1.1. Earth atmosphere and the radioelectric spectrum
5.1.2. Application fields of heterodyne detection
5.2. Submillimeter-THz low noise heterodyne receivers
5.2.1. Mixers with AsGa Schottky diodes
5.2.2. Mixers with superconductors (SIS, HEB)
5.2.3. Local oscillator sources
5.3. Submillimeter - THz applications for astronomy and astrophysics
5.3.1. Airborne or stratospheric balloon observatories
5.3.2. Space observatories
5.4. Submillimeter - THz remote-sensing applications to aeronomy and planetology
5.4.1. Atmospheric sounders
5.4.2. Cometary and planetary probes
5.5. Conclusion
5.6. Acknowledgements
5.7. Bibliography
Chapter 6. Exposimetry - Measurements of the Ambient RF Electromagnetic Fields
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Definitions
6.3. Interactions of the electromagnetic fields with biological tissues and medical risks
6.3.1. What are the effects of the electromagnetic fields and waves on human health?
6.3.2. Duality wave-photon: remarks on activation energies
6.3.3. RF fields are non-ionizing
6.3.4. Biological effects of the electromagnetic field
6.3.5. Possible mechanisms
6.4. Exposure limit values
6.5. Electromagnetic environment to be measured
6.5.1. Why is knowledge of our electromagnetic environment important?
6.5.2. What do we have to measure?
6.5.3. Parameters and configurations to be considered
6.5.4. A priori evaluation of the fields
6.6. Measurement equipment
6.6.1. Measurement line
6.6.2. Devices measuring RF field intensity
6.6.3. Sensors and detectors
6.7. Measurements
6.7.1. Measures to the static field
6.7.2. ELF field measurements
6.7.3. RF and UHF field measurements
6.7.4. In situ measurements and total electric field
6.7.5. Calibration
6.7.6. Evaluation of measurement uncertainties
6.7.7. SAR and its determination
6.7.8. Measurement techniques for electromagnetic compatibility (CEM) in the field of RF
6.7.9. Measurements for WiFi (IEEE 802.11) technologies
6.7.10. Field measurements in mobility situations
6.8. Control stations and uninterrupted electromagnetic measurements: towards a 3D electromagnetic land register
6.9. Appendix 1 - some field measurements
6.10. Appendix 2 - principal characteristics of mobile communication systems
6.11. Bibliography
Chapter 7. Ambient RF Electromagnetic Measurements in a Rural Environment
7.1. Introduction
7.2. Measurement set-up
7.3. Operating mode
7.4. Different studies
7.4.1. Study of the 20-220 MHz band
7.4.2. Study of the 200-1,200 MHz band
7.4.3. Study of the 1-3 GHz band
7.5. Measurements results
7.6. Electrical field strength
7.7. Conclusion
7.8. Acknowledgements
7.9. Bibliography
Chapter 8. Radio Mobile Measurement Techniques
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Field strength measurements
8.3. Measurement of the impulse response
8.4. Measurement of directions of arrival
8.4.1. Mathematical modeling of the signal
8.4.2. Determination methods of the directions of arrival
8.5. WiFi measurements in a home environment (field strength, data rate)
8.5.1. Experimental set-up
8.5.2. "Berlioz" site
8.5.3. Electrical field strength measurements
8.5.4. Data rate measurements
8.6. Conclusion
8.7. Glossary
8.8. Acknowledgments
8.9. Bibliography
Chapter 9. Dosimetry of Interactions Between the Radioelectric Waves and Human Tissues - Hybrid Approach of the Metrology
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Evaluation of the power absorber for the tissues
9.3. Experimental evaluation of the specific absorption rate (SAR)
9.4. SAR evaluation in biological tissues
9.4.1. DAS evaluation by numerical methods
9.4.2. Biological tissues modeling
9.4.3. Source modeling
9.4.4. Absorbed power in the tissue distribution
9.5. Variability, representativeness and uncertainty
9.6. Conclusions
9.7. Bibliography
Chapter 10. Measurement for the Evaluation of Electromagnetic Compatibility
10.1. Introduction
10.2. General aspects of EMC measurement
10.3. Emissivity and radiated immunity testing
10.3.1. TEM and GTEM cells
10.3.2. Measurements in an anechoic chamber
10.3.3. The main principles behind radiated emissivity testing
10.3.4. The main principles behind radiated immunity testing
10.4. Efficiency and limitations of EMC measurement techniques
10.5. Mode-stirred reverberation chambers
10.5.1. The principles of reverberation
10.5.2. Tests in an anechoic chamber and in a reverberation chamber
10.5.3. Recent and future applications for reverberation chambers
10.6. Electromagnetic near-field measurement techniques applied to EMC
10.6.1. Near-field techniques in a Rayleigh zone
10.6.2. Near-field techniques outside the Rayleigh zone
10.7. Conclusions and future prospects
10.8. Bibliography
Chapter 11. High Precision Pulsar Timing in Centrimetric Radioastronomy
11.1. Introduction
11.2. Ultra-stable clocks to the limits of the Galaxy
11.3. Dispersion by the interstellar medium
11.4. Instrumentation used to study pulsars
11.5. Swept local oscillator dedispersion
11.6. Filterbank dedispersion
11.7. Real-time coherent dedispersion
11.8. The coherent pulsar instrumentation installed at Nançay
11.9. Conclusion
11.10. Bibliography
Chapter 12. Long Baseline Decameter Interferometry between Nançay and LOFAR
12.1. Introduction
12.2. Observations
12.3. Analysis
12.4. Conclusions and perspectives
12.5. Acknowledgements
12.6. Bibliography
List of Authors
Index

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