Welding Metallurgy of Stainless Steels

1 Significance of Constitution Diagrams for the Understanding of Welding Phenomena.- 1.1 Iron-Chromium, Iron-Nickel and Chromium-Nickel Constitution Diagrams.- 1.2 The Ternary Iron-Chromium-Nickel Constitution Diagram.- 1.3 Influence of Other Elements on the Iron-Chromium-Nickel Constitution Diagram.- 2 Metallurgical Processes Occurring During Solidification and Cooling in Stainless Steel Weld Metal.- 2.1 Primary Crystallization of Weld Pools.- 2.2 Primary Crystallization of Binary and Ternary Systems.- 2.3 Phenomena at the Liquid-Solid Interface (Solidification Front).- 2.4 Crystal Growth During Solidification and Crystal Configurations.- 2.5 Primary Crystallization of Stainless Steel Weld Metals.- 2.6 Cooling Rate and Thermal Supercooling During Solidification of Stainless Steel Weld Metal.- 2.7 Segregations in Stainless Steel Weld Metal During Solidification.- 3 Metallurgical Phenomena in Secondary Crystallization of Stainless Steels and Weld Metals.- 3.1 Recrystallization of Weld Metal.- 3.2 ?-? Transformation of Stainless Steel Weld Metal.- 3.3 Schaeffler Diagram, Ferrite Measurement, DeLong Diagram.- 3.4 ?-? Transformation of Stainless Steel Alloys.- 4 Precipitation Phenomena in Stainless Steels and Weld Metals.- 4.1 Carbide Precipitations in Stainless Steels with Special Consideration to Intergranular Corrosion.- 4.2 The Precipitation of Intermetallic Phases in Stainless Steels and Weld Metals.- 4.3 475° C Embrittlement in Stainless Steels and Stainless Steel Weld Metals.- 5 Hot Cracking Resistance During the Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steels.- 5.1 Formation of Hot Cracks.- 5.2 Hot Cracking Tests.- 5.3 Criteria which Influence the Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weldments.- 6 Welding Metallurgy of Ferritic Stainless ChromiumSteels with Carbon Contents Below 0.15%.- 6.1 Practical Welding of Stainless Chromium Steels.- 6.2 Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Weld Metals with 12 and 17% Chromium.- 6.3 Precipitation Phenomena in Ferritic Stainless Chromium Steels and Weld Metals.- 7 Welding Metallurgy of Low Carbon Chromium-Nickel Martensitic Stainless Steels (Soft Martensitic Steels).- 7.1 Practical Welding of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steels.- 7.2 Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Martensitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal.- 7.3 Precipitation Phenomena in Low Carbon Soft Martensitic Stainless Steels and Weld Metals.- 8 Welding Metallurgy of Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steels.- 8.1 Practical Welding of Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steels.- 8.2 Mechanical Properties of Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Metal.- 8.3 Precipitation Phenomena in Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steels and Weld Metals.- 9 Welding Metallurgy of Austenitic Stainless Steels.- 9.1 Welding Metallurgy of Unstabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels.- 9.2 Welding Metallurgy of Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steels.- 9.3 Welding Metallurgy of Fully Austenitic Stainless Steels.- 10 General Instructions for the Welding and Post-Weld Surface Treatments of Fabrications and Welded Components Made from Austenitic Stainless Steel.- 10.1 Welding Procedure.- 10.2 Welding of Austenitic Stainless Steel Castings.- 10.3 Post Weld Surface Treatments.- 11 Welding Metallurgy of Heat Resisting Steels.- 12 Welding Metallurgy of Austenitic-Ferritic Dissimilar Joints.- 12.1 Selection of Filler Metals and Importance of Dilution.- 12.2 Practical Welding of Austenitic-Ferritic Dissimilar Joints.- 12.3 Criteria for the Heat Treatment of Austenitic-Ferritic Dissimilar Joints.- 12.4 Mechanical Properties ofAustenitic-Ferritic Dissimilar Joints.- Appendix (Abbreviations and Short Designations).- References.- Author Index.