The Building of the First Temple
A Study in Redactional, Text-Critical and Historical Perspective
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 26. November 2015
264 Seiten
978-3-16-153838-4 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
Was kann man über 1. Könige 6-8 sagen, die den Bau des Tempels in seiner vollen Pracht Salomo zuschreiben? Peter Dubovský nähert sich diesen Texten von einem diachronen Blickwinkel an, indem er Belege aus dem Alten Orient untersucht, die zeigen, dass die Tempel oft verändert wurden. Er analysiert Bibeltexte, die darauf hinweisen, dass am ersten Tempel einige wesentliche Veränderungen vorgenommen wurden. Diese Erkenntnis führt zum abschließenden Schritt seiner Untersuchung: Er liefert eine minimalistische Version einer chronologischen Entwicklung des ersten Tempels und wagt eine nuanciertere Variante. Diese Schlussfolgerung sollte auf der einen Seite letztlich den Ergebnissen eine archäologischen Ausgrabung gegenübergestellt werden, sobald diese verfügbar werden; auf der anderen Seite weist diese Studie vielleicht auf Nuancen hin, die nur ein Text erhalten und kein Archäologe ausgraben kann.
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Inhalt
- Cover
- Preface
- Table of Contents
- Abbreviations
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Previous Studies on the Temple
- 1.2 The Premise of This Study
- 1.3 Precursors of This Project
- 1.4 The Design of This Project
- Chapter 2: Restoration of Temples in the Ancient Near East
- 2.1 Inscriptions from the West
- 2.2 Mesopotamian Inscriptions
- 2.2.1 The Emashmash Temple in Nineveh
- 2.2.2 Esarhaddon's Reconstruction of Cult Places
- The reconstruction of Esharra in Assur
- The reconstruction of Esagil in Babylon
- Other temples
- Theological justification
- 2.2.3 Neo-Assyrian Letters
- 2.3 Conclusions
- Chapter 3: Did the Preexilic Temple Change?
- 3.1 Methodological Premises
- 3.2 Temple Repairs
- Literary analysis of two narratives
- The extent of the repairs
- Conclusion
- 3.3 Natural Disasters
- Conclusion
- 3.4 Despoliation of the Temple
- Storehouse or storeroom?
- Was the treasury altered?
- Conclusion
- 3.5 Religious Reforms in Judah and the First Temple
- 3.5.1 Jehoiada and Joash
- The temple stratum of 2 Kgs 11
- Conclusion
- 3.5.2 Ahaz's Reform
- 3.5.2.1 Ahaz's New Altar
- Was the new altar condemned or approved?
- What kind of altar did Ahaz commission?
- Why was this altar important?
- Conclusion
- 3.5.2.2 Other Changes in the Temple
- Removal of Bronze Objects
- Installation of a pavement
- 3.5.2.3 Crux Interpretum
- Scribal error or abbreviation?
- Removed, surrounded, reoriented, or transferred?
- The meaning of ?????? ????
- The royal entrance
- Possible interpretations of 2 Kgs 16:18
- 3.5.2.4 Synthesis: Ahaz and the Architecture of the Temple
- 3.5.3 Hezekiah - Manasseh, Amon - Josiah
- 3.5.3.1 Hezekiah's Reform
- 3.5.3.2 The Reforms of Manasseh and Amon
- Changes in the temple furniture
- Two courts
- Conclusion
- 3.5.3.3 Josiah's Reform
- Literary style of the account
- Houses, chambers, and gardens
- 3.5.3.4 Conclusion
- 3.6 Specific Architectural Changes
- 3.6.1 Temple and Palace Gates in the Book of Kings
- Temple and palace gates in the time of Jehoiada and Joash
- Jotham's gate
- 3.6.2 The Temple Complex in Jeremiah
- Gates
- Chambers
- Courts
- Conclusion
- 3.6.3 The Temple Complex in Ezekiel
- Gates
- Courts
- Rooms
- Conclusion
- 3.7 Synthesis
- Motives for the changes
- Who was credited with alterations to the temple?
- What changes were made?
- Was the temple itself rebuilt?
- 3.7.1 Four Periods in the Architectural Evolution of the Temple
- Archaeological evidence and the history of the temple
- 3.7.2 Conclusion
- Chapter 4: Stratigraphy of the Text (1 Kgs 6-8) and Stratigraphy of the Temple
- 4.1 Methodological Notes
- 4.2 Architectural Terminology
- 4.2.1 Old and New Names for the Innermost Part of the Temple
- The inner house
- The Holy of Holies
- 4.2.2 Architectural and Theological Dimensions of hekal
- Nave or temple: Architectural note or theological statement?
- Why was the house identified with the hekal?
- Cultic meaning
- Theological meaning
- The hekal as the main hall of the temple
- 4.2.3 Conclusion
- 4.3 The ya?ia? or Surrounding Structure
- 4.3.1 Unresolved Questions
- 4.3.2 Variants and Versions
- 4.3.3 Textual Strata
- Glosses in 1 Kgs 6:5
- 1 Kgs 6:7, 9
- The oldest strata in 1 Kgs 6:5-10
- 1 Kgs 6:5b-6 and 8
- 4.3.4 Synthesis
- 4.4 The ulam
- 4.4.1 The ulam and the Temple in Ezekiel
- The ulam as a hall of the temple gates
- The ulam as a vestibule of the temple building
- 4.4.2 The ulam and the Temple in Chronicles
- 4.4.3 The ulam and the Palace in Kings
- 4.4.4 The ulam and the Temple in 1 Kgs 7
- The ulam and the bronze columns
- 4.4.5 The ulam in 3 Kgdms 6:36
- 4.4.6 The ulam in 1 Kgs 6:3
- The versions
- The compound preposition ???? ??????
- Redactional layers
- 4.4.7 Conclusion
- 4.5 Dimensions of the Temple
- 4.5.1 Height of the Temple
- 4.5.2 Layout of the Temple
- "Twenty cubits at the rear of the temple" (1 Kgs 6:16a)
- The transformation of the debir into the Holy of Holies (1 Kgs 6:16b)
- Where was the debir?
- 4.6 Cedar Temple or Stone Temple?
- A temple of undressed stone
- A temple paneled with cedar wood
- A temple of cedar wood
- Dressed stone
- Conclusion
- 4.7 Decoration of the Temple
- Engraved decorations
- Overlaying with gold
- Phases of the temple decoration
- 4.8 The Cherubs
- 4.8.1 Textual Witnesses
- 4.8.2 The Cherubs according to the Masoretic Text
- Ruptures in MT and textual strata
- Stratum A (1 Kgs 6:23-24)
- Stratum B (1 Kgs 6:25-27)
- Stratum C (1 Kgs 6:28)
- 4.8.3 The Cherubs according to Codex Vaticanus (B)
- 4.8.4 Location of the Cherubs
- 4.8.5 How Many Types of Cherubs?
- 4.9 Synthesis
- 4.9.1 Minimalist Proposal
- 4.9.2 Phases of the Temple: A Plausible Hypothesis
- Phase I: Cedar temple (corresponding to Period I)
- Phase II: Tripartite temple with side-rooms (corresponding to Periods II and III)
- Phase III: Urban temple (corresponding to Periods III and IV)
- Chapter 5: Conclusion
- Bibliography
- Index of References
- Old Testament
- Ancient Sources
- Index of Modern Authors
- Index of Subjects
