Key Congressional Reports for October 2019. Part III
Erschienen am 11. März 2020
405 Seiten
978-1-5361-7428-1 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
This book is a comprehensive compilation of all reports, testimony, correspondence, and other publications issued by the Congressional Research Service during the month of October, grouped according to topics. This book is focused on the following topics: Business and Finance; Foreign Policy; Government Operations; Homeland Security; International Affairs; Legislative Law; Social Policy.
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Business and Finance
- Chapter 1
- Financial Inclusion and Credit Access Policy Issues(
- Summary
- Introduction
- Financial Inclusion Overview
- Financial Product Access and Financial Well-Being
- Access to Checking and Other Banking Accounts
- The Unbanked and Underbanked
- Checking and Savings Accounts: Banking Economics
- Banking Account Alternatives
- Access to Emergency Savings and Savings Accounts
- Possible Policy Responses
- Access to the Credit Reporting System
- Credit Invisibles and Unscorables
- Barriers to Entering the Credit System
- Expanding Credit Visibility Policy Issues
- Expanding Use of Currently Reported Products
- Using Alternative Data in Credit Reports
- Access to Affordable Small-Dollar Credit
- Access to Traditional Bank Credit Products
- Credit Alternative Financial Products
- New Technology and Market Developments
- Possible Policy Responses
- Conclusion
- Foreign Policy
- Chapter 2
- Millennium Challenge Corporation: Overview and Issues(
- Summary
- Introduction
- Structure and Organization
- MCC Programs
- MCC Compacts
- Threshold Programs
- MCC Compact Life Cycle
- Country Selection Process
- Candidate Country Identification
- Determining Selection Criteria and Methodology
- Selection for Compact Eligibility
- Compact Development
- Compact Implementation
- Compact Closure and Evaluation
- Compact Suspension and Termination
- Recent Developments
- MCC Advisory Council
- Economic Advisory Council
- Country Selection-FY2019
- Anticipated Compacts in FY2019-2020
- Funding Trends
- Selected Issues for Congress
- Expanding MCC Compact Partnership Arrangements
- Multicountry Regional Compacts
- Subnational Partnerships
- Subsequent Compacts
- Interagency and Private-Sector Partnerships
- Candidate Country Income Categories
- Compact Evaluation
- Impact Measurement
- ERR Forecasting
- Indirect Impacts
- Ensuring Sustainability
- Corruption
- Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction
- Outlook
- Appendix A. Past and Active MCC Compacts at a Glance
- Appendix B. Active Compact Descriptions
- Benin II
- Côte d'Ivoire
- El Salvador II
- Ghana II
- Liberia
- Mongolia II
- Morocco II
- Nepal
- Niger
- Senegal II
- Sri Lanka
- Appendix C. Active Threshold Programs
- Guatemala
- Kosovo
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
- Appendix D. MCC Performance Indicators FY2019
- Government Operations
- Chapter 3
- The National Popular Vote (NPV) Initiative: Direct Election of the President by Interstate Compact(
- Summary
- Introduction
- The Electoral College in Brief
- The National Popular Vote Initiative: Background
- Electoral College Reform, 1948-1979: Three Decades of Unsuccessful Efforts to Propose a Constitutional Amendment
- The Elections of 2000 and 2016 and Electoral College Reform
- Bypassing Constitutional Amendment Procedures to Attain Direct Popular Election: Emergence of the National Popular Vote Concept
- The National Popular Vote (NPV) Initiative
- How the NPV Would Work
- Managing the NPV Campaign: National Popular Vote Inc.
- Current Status of the NPV Compact: Progress, Prospects, Opposition, and Opinion
- NPV Compact Member States: October 2019
- Advocacy Group Opposition
- Proposals to Repeal NPV Affiliation in Member States
- 2020 Colorado Referendum on the National Popular Vote Compact
- The NPV: A "Blue State" Phenomenon?
- Support for Direct Popular Election and the NPV Compact: Trends in Survey Research Findings
- Direct Popular Election of the President as a General Proposal
- The National Popular Vote Initiative
- The National Popular Vote Initiative: Pro and Con
- Arguments Favoring the NPV Compact
- Arguments Opposing the NPV Compact
- National Popular Vote: Legal Issues
- The NPV Initiative as an Interstate Compact
- The NPV Initiative and Article II of the Constitution
- The NPV Compact and the Voting Rights Act
- Conclusion
- Homeland Security
- Chapter 4
- Legal Authority to Repurpose Funds for Border Barrier Construction*
- Summary
- Introduction
- Legal Authorities Cited by the Trump Administration
- Department of Homeland Security Authority
- The National Emergencies Act and Military Construction Funds
- The National Emergencies Act
- Military Construction Funds
- Department of Defense Authorities
- Section 284
- Sections 8005 and 9002 of the 2019 DOD Appropriations Act
- Treasury Forfeiture Fund
- The Border Barrier Litigation
- Legal Arguments and Judicial Decisions Regarding the Trump Administration's Efforts to Fund Additional Barrier Deployments
- Section 8005
- The Northern District of California's Sierra Club Decision
- The Ninth Circuit's Sierra Club Decision
- Section 284
- Department of Homeland Security Waiver Authority
- Treasury Forfeiture Fund
- Reprogramming of Funds During National Emergency
- The El Paso County Challenge to the President's Declaration of a National Emergency
- The Challenge to the Use of Section 2808 Considered in Sierra Club
- Procedural Barriers to Lawsuits Challenging Border Barrier Funding
- Standing
- Cause of Action and Zone of Interests
- The Supreme Court's Order
- Considerations for Congress
- Pending Legislation
- Comptroller General Opinion
- International Affairs
- Chapter 5
- Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy: Issues for the 116th Congress(
- Summary
- Human Rights Developments in China
- Overview
- New Laws and Policies
- Freedom of Speech
- New Surveillance Technologies
- Labor Rights and Student Activism
- China, Global Human Rights, and the United Nations
- Religious and Ethnic Minority Policies
- Christians
- Falun Gong
- Tibetans
- Uyghurs
- Mass Internment of Uyghurs
- Hui Muslims
- U.S. Efforts to Advance Human Rights in China
- Human Rights and U.S.-China Relations
- U.S. Policy Evolution
- Trump Administration Policy
- Policy Options and Tools
- Human Rights and Democracy Foreign Assistance Programs
- National Endowment for Democracy Grants
- International Broadcasting
- Sanctions
- Sanctions on Individuals
- Designations and Actions Pursuant to the International Religious Freedom Act
- Visa Sanctions Pursuant to the Reciprocal Access to Tibet Act
- Export Controls
- Multilateral Diplomacy
- Legislative Law
- Chapter 6
- Congressional Access to Information in an Impeachment Investigation(
- Summary
- Introduction
- What Is an Impeachment Investigation?
- The House, Its Committees, and the Delegation of Investigative Powers
- The Question of Authorization in the Current House Impeachment Inquiry
- Impeachment Investigations: Scope of Access to Information
- Potential Investigative Advantages of an Impeachment Investigation
- Impact of the Impeachment Power on the Political Stage of an Investigative Conflict
- Impact of the Impeachment Power at the Judicial Stage of an Investigative Conflict
- Access to Grand Jury Materials
- Implications for Legislative Purpose
- Overcoming Claims of Executive Privilege
- Conclusion
- Social Policy
- Chapter 7
- Unemployment Insurance: Programs and Benefits (Updated)(
- Summary
- Introduction
- Unemployment Compensation
- Authorization
- Appropriation and Outlays
- Administration
- Eligibility for Regular Unemployment Compensation
- Broad Federal Guidelines Result in Different State Requirements
- Base Period
- Alternative Base Period
- Extended Base Period
- Base Period Provisions in the 2009 Stimulus Package
- Qualifying Wages or Employment
- Multiple of High-Quarter Wages
- Multiple of Weekly Benefit Amount
- Flat Qualifying Amount
- Weeks/Hours of Employment
- Data Collection Considerations
- Determination and Duration of Regular Unemployment Compensation
- UC Benefit Financing: Unemployment Taxes on Employers
- Federal Unemployment Tax Act
- State Unemployment Tax Acts
- Outstanding Loans from the Federal Unemployment Account
- Extended Benefit Program
- How an Extended Benefit Period Is Activated (and Deactivated)
- Special Rule
- Additional Eligibility Requirements for EB
- Methods for Determining 20 Weeks of Full-Time Insured Employment
- Chapter 8
- Unemployment Insurance: Consequences of Changes in State Unemployment Compensation Laws (Updated)(
- Summary
- Introduction
- Overview of Unemployment Benefits
- Unemployment Compensation Program
- Maximum UC Benefit Duration
- Emergency Unemployment Compensation Program (Now Expired)
- Extended Benefit Program
- Recent State UC Financial Stress
- UC Program Integrity
- State Law Changes to UC Benefit Duration
- Consequences of Reduced UC Benefit Duration for Federal Unemployment Programs
- Calculation of Benefit Duration for EUC08 Tiers (When EUC08 Was Authorized)
- Calculation of Benefit Duration for EB Payable Periods
- States with Reduced Weekly Benefit Amounts
- Index
- Blank Page
