
Amphibian Ecology and Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques
Beschreibung
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Cover
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Part 1 Introduction
- 1 Amphibian diversity and life history
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Amphibian species richness and distribution
- 1.3 Amphibian lifestyles and life history diversity
- 1.4 Amphibian declines and why they matter
- 1.5 References
- 2 Setting objectives in field studies
- 2.1 Basic concepts for a good start
- 2.2 Steps required for a successful study
- 2.3 Trade-offs and pitfalls
- 2.4 Ethical issues
- 2.5 Acknowledgments
- 2.6 References
- Part 2 Larvae
- 3 Morphology of amphibian larvae
- 3.1 Background
- 3.2 Larval caecilians
- 3.3 Larval and larviform salamanders
- 3.4 Anuran tadpoles
- 3.5 Summary
- 3.6 References
- 4 Larval sampling
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Sampling techniques
- 4.3 Other techniques
- 4.4 Conclusions
- 4.5 Acknowledgments
- 4.6 References
- 5 Dietary assessments of larval amphibians
- 5.1 Background
- 5.2 Larval caecilians and salamanders
- 5.3 Anuran tadpoles
- 5.4 Assessing food sources and diets
- 5.5 Category III: assimilatory diet
- 5.6 Summary
- 5.7 References
- 6 Aquatic mesocosms
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Historical background
- 6.3 Why use mesocosms?
- 6.4 Types of mesocosm
- 6.5 Setting up mesocosms
- 6.6 Common experimental designs
- 6.7 Case studies
- 6.8 Conclusion
- 6.9 References
- 7 Water-quality criteria for amphibians
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Dissolved oxygen
- 7.3 Temperature
- 7.4 pH
- 7.5 Conductivity, hardness, and salinity
- 7.6 Total and dissolved organic carbon
- 7.7 Pollutants
- 7.8 Summary and conclusions
- 7.9 References
- Part 3 Juveniles and adults
- 8 Measuring and marking post-metamorphic amphibians
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Toe-clipping
- 8.3 Branding
- 8.4 Tagging and banding
- 8.5 Trailing devices
- 8.6 Pattern mapping
- 8.7 Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags
- 8.8 Taking measurements
- 8.9 Recommendations
- 8.10 References
- 9 Egg mass and nest counts
- 9.1 Background: using egg mass and nest counts to monitor populations
- 9.2 Oviposition strategies
- 9.3 Egg-mass counts
- 9.4 Amphibian nests and nest counts
- 9.5 Clutch characteristics
- 9.6 Spatial distribution of eggs
- 9.7 Breeding phenology
- 9.8 Number of surveys needed
- 9.9 Estimating egg-mass detection probabilities
- 9.10 Variation in counts among observers
- 9.11 Marking eggs
- 9.12 Situations in which nest counts are not practical
- 9.13 How to count eggs in a nest
- 9.14 Estimating hatching success
- 9.15 Analysis of egg-mass count data
- 9.16 Summary
- 9.17 References
- 10 Dietary assessments of adult amphibians
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Methods to obtain prey items: historical overview
- 10.3 Data analysis
- 10.4 General considerations
- 10.5 Conclusions
- 10.6 Acknowledgments
- 10.7 References
- 11 Movement patterns and radiotelemetry
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Equipment
- 11.3 Surgical techniques
- 11.4 Tracking procedures
- 11.5 Analysis of movement data
- 11.6 Validation of telemetry procedures
- 11.7 Conclusions
- 11.8 References
- 12 Field enclosures and terrestrial cages
- 12.1 Introduction: amphibians in the terrestrial environment
- 12.2 What are the purposes of terrestrial enclosures?
- 12.3 Defining the research question
- 12.4 Constructing enclosures
- 12.5 Study species
- 12.6 Census techniques
- 12.7 Response metrics
- 12.8 Thinking outside the box
- 12.9 References
- Part 4 Amphibian populations
- 13 Drift fences, coverboards, and other traps
- 13.1 Introduction
- 13.2 Drift fences, funnel traps, and other passive capture methods
- 13.3 Coverboards and other traps that require active capture
- 13.4 References
- 14 Area-based surveys
- 14.1 Introduction: what are area-based surveys?
- 14.2 Kinds of area-based survey
- 14.3 Specific examples of area-based surveys
- 14.4 Modifications
- 14.5 Design issues: choice of sampling unit
- 14.6 An example of study design
- 14.7 Assumptions of area-based surveys
- 14.8 Summary and recommendations
- 14.9 References
- 15 Rapid assessments of amphibian diversity
- 15.1 Background: rapid assessment of amphibian diversity
- 15.2 Planning an RA
- 15.3 In the field
- 15.4 Compiling data and interpreting results
- 15.5 Recommendations and reporting
- 15.6 Summary
- 15.7 References
- 16 Auditory monitoring of anuran populations
- 16.1 Introduction
- 16.2 MCS
- 16.3 ARS
- 16.4 Conclusions
- 16.5 Acknowledgments
- 16.6 References
- 17 Measuring habitat
- 17.1 Introduction
- 17.2 Habitat selection
- 17.3 Spatial and temporal scale
- 17.4 Approaches for examining habitat selection
- 17.5 Determining availability
- 17.6 What to measure
- 17.7 Weather variables
- 17.8 Aquatic habitat
- 17.9 Physical habitat variables
- 17.10 Chemical variables
- 17.11 Measuring vegetation
- 17.12 Edaphic features
- 17.13 Conclusion
- 17.14 References
- Part 5 Amphibian communities
- 18 Diversity and similarity
- 18.1 Introduction
- 18.2 Data transformation
- 18.3 Species diversity
- 18.4 Similarity
- 18.5 Software
- 18.6 Summary
- 18.7 References
- 19 Landscape ecology and GIS methods
- 19.1 Introduction
- 19.2 Applications of spatial data for amphibian conservation
- 19.3 Spatial statistics
- 19.4 Limitations and future directions
- 19.5 References
- Part 6 Physiological ecology and genetics
- 20 Physiological ecology: field methods and perspective
- 20.1 Introduction
- 20.2 Heat exchange, body temperature, and thermoregulation
- 20.3 Water relations
- 20.4 Measuring water exchange
- 20.5 Energetics
- 20.6 Modeling amphibian-environment interactions
- 20.7 Other issues and future research directions
- 20.8 References
- 21 Models in field studies of temperature and moisture
- 21.1 Introduction
- 21.2 Field models for investigating temperature and moisture
- 21.3 Summary and future developments
- 21.4 References
- 22 Genetics in field ecology and conservation
- 22.1 Background: the importance of genetics in ecology and conservation
- 22.2 Molecular methods for investigating amphibian populations
- 22.3 Analysis of genetic data
- 22.4 Future developments
- 22.5 References
- Part 7 Monitoring, status, and trends
- 23 Selection of species and sampling areas: the importance to inference
- 23.1 Introduction
- 23.2 Sampling
- 23.3 Study sites and consequences of convenience sampling
- 23.4 Abundance and inference
- 23.5 Conclusions
- 23.6 Acknowledgments
- 23.7 References
- 24 Capture-mark-recapture, removal sampling, and occupancy models
- 24.1 Introduction
- 24.2 Estimating amphibian population size and vital rates
- 24.3 Estimating amphibian occupancy and vital rates
- 24.4 Summary and general recommendations
- 24.5 Disclaimer
- 24.6 References
- 25 Quantifying abundance: counts, detection probabilities, and estimates
- 25.1 Background: imperfect detection in amphibian ecology and conservation
- 25.2 Imperfect detection
- 25.3 Components of imperfect detection
- 25.4 How to deal with imperfect detection
- 25.5 Designing a sampling protocol
- 25.6 Software
- 25.7 Outlook
- 25.8 References
- 26 Disease monitoring and biosecurity
- 26.1 Introduction
- 26.2 Amphibian diseases of concern
- 26.3 Disease monitoring: detection and diagnosis
- 26.4 Biosecurity: preventing disease transmission
- 26.5 Conclusions
- 26.6 References
- 27 Conservation and management
- 27.1 Introduction
- 27.2 Managing amphibian populations
- 27.3 Wetland breeding sites
- 27.4 Terrestrial habitats
- 27.5 Migratory and dispersal routes
- 27.6 Intensive manipulation of individuals
- 27.7 Conclusion
- 27.8 References
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
- Z
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