Understanding Immunology deals with immunology and its unifying principles, based on the view that the immune system has evolved to combat infectious disease. This book describes the phylogenetic emergence of the immune system; immune reactions in invertebrates and vertebrates; antibody-antigen reactions and the induction of the antibody response; the development of the immune repertoire and self-tolerance; and memory and tolerance in T-cells. This text is organized into 15 chapters and begins with an overview of the immune system, paying particular attention to its basic requirements and properties. This book then discusses antibodies and antigens; the molecular biology of antibody formation; and the role of lymphocytes, lymphoid tissue, and antibody forming cells in the immune response. The following chapters focus on immunocompetent cells and the mechanisms of cell cooperation in the induction of the antibody response, properties of the cells responsible for memory, and the genetic basis of antibody diversity. The reader is also introduced to allelic exclusion and the ontogeny of the immune repertoire; differentiation of T-cells; and cancer and transplantation immunology. The remaining chapters explore aberrations of the immune system and immunity to infectious disease. A comparison of the strategies of vertebrates and invertebrates in adapting to unexpected changes in the environment concludes the book. This book will prove useful as an introduction to immunology to those with some background in biology, particularly, undergraduate or graduate students as well as established researchers in other fields.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Elsevier Science & Techn.
ISBN-13
978-0-323-13907-6 (9780323139076)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Preface1 Basic Requirements and Properties of an Immune System 1.1 The Basic Pattern of an Immune Response 1.2 Basic Requirements of an Immune System 1.3 Summary Further Reading Questions2 The Reaction of Antibody with Antigen 2.1 Main Properties of Antibodies 2.2 Ways of Detecting Antibody 2.3 Specificity and Diversity of Antibody 2.4 Protective Immunity 2.5 Summary Further Reading Questions3 Molecular Biology of Antibody Formation 3.1 Gross Structure of Ig G. Myelomas 3.2 Other Ig Classes 3.3 Allotypes 3.4 Amino Acid Sequences: V Regions 3.5 Two Genes, One Polypeptide Chain 3.6 How Many V Genes? 3.7 Molecular Hybridization 3.8 Evolution of Ig Genes 3.9 Summary Further Reading Questions4 Lymphocytes, Lymphoid Tissue, and Antibody Forming Cells 4.1 The Single Cell as the Unit in Immunology 4.2 Lymphoid Tissue 4.3 Local Antigenic Stimulation 4.4 General Pattern of Cellular Events in an Immune Response 4.5 Methods for Detecting Single Antibody Forming Cells 4.6 Properties of the Antibody Forming Cell 4.7 Kinetics of Appearance of Antibody Forming Cells in Lymphoid Tissue 4.8 Antibody Feedback 4.9 Clonal Proliferation of Antibody Forming Cells 4.10 Summary Further Reading Questions5 Immunocompetent Cells and Induction of the Antibody Response 5.1 Immunocompetent Cells 5.2 The Immunocompetent B Cell 5.3 The Immunocompetent T Cell 5.4 Cell Cooperation in the Induction of Antibody Formation 5.5 Mechanisms of Cell Cooperation 5.6 Summary Further Reading Questions6 Memory and Tolerance 6.1 Examples of Memory 6.2 Facts about Memory 6.3 What Causes Memory? 6.4 Properties of the Cells Responsible for Memory 6.5 Generation of Memory Cells 6.6 "Maturation of Affinity" 6.7 Tolerance 6.8 Facts about Tolerance 6.9 What Causes Tolerance? 6.10 The Cells Affected in Tolerance 6.11 Summary Further Reading Questions7 Antibody Diversity: Its Genetic Basis 7.1 Instruction versus Selection 7.2 Germline versus Somatic Mutation 7.3 Which Is Correct-Germline or Somatic Mutation? 7.4 Summary Further Reading Questions8 Development of the Immune Repertoire and Self-Tolerance in the Individual 8.1 Allelic Exclusion 8.2 Self-Tolerance Is Acquired 8.3 Views on Generation of Diversity 8.4 Ontogeny of the Immune Repertoire 8.5 General Remarks 8.6 Summary Further Reading Questions9 More about T Cells 9.1 Differentiation of T Cells 9.2 Immune Receptors on T Cells 9.3 Memory and Tolerance in T Cells 9.4 T Cell Effector Functions 9.5 Summary Further Reading Questions10 Transplantation Immunology 10.1 Graft Rejection 10.2 Terminology 10.3 Evidence that Graft Rejection Is an Immunological Process 10.4 Transplantation Antigens 10.5 Rejection Mechanisms 10.6 Graft versus Host Reactions 10.7 Transplantation Tolerance 10.8 Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction 10.9 Anomalous Features of Allogeneic Reactions 10.10 Possible Explanations for the Anomalies in Allogeneic Reactions 10.11 Preventing Graft Rejection 10.12 Summary Further Reading Questions11 Regulation of the Immune Response 11.1 Degeneracy of Immune Responses 11.2 Suppressor Regulation of Immune Responses 11.3 Genetic Control of Immune Responses 11.4 Summary Further Reading Questions12 Aberrations of the Immune System: Immune Deficiency, Allergy, and Autoimmune Disease 12.1 Immunological Deficiency Diseases 12.2 Allergic or Hypersensitivity Reactions 12.3 Autoimmune Disease 12.4 Summary Further Reading Questions13 Immunity to Infectious Disease 13.1 Immune Mechanisms 13.2 Acquired Immunity 13.3 The Immune Response to Different Classes of Invading Organisms 13.4 Immunological Intervention 13.
