Chapter 1
An Overview of Developmental Events, Processes, and Abnormalities . 1
The First and Second Weeks. 2
The Embryonic Period
The Early Embryonic Period. 3
The Late Embryonic Period. 4
The Fetal Period. 5
Histological Concepts
Samples of Epithelia and Connective Tissue . 6
Skin and Embryonic Connective Tissue. 7
Induction. 8
Apoptosis . 9
Segmentation and Early Pattern Formation
Genetic Determination of Embryonic Axes and Segments. 10
Segmentation and Segment Fates. 11
Cell Adhesion and Cell Migration. 12
Cell Differentiation and Cell Fates . 13
Growth Factors. 14
Classification of Abnormal Processes . 15
Classification of Multiple Anomalies. 16
Normal Versus Major Versus Minor Malformations . 17
Marfan Syndrome. 18
Apert and De Lange Syndromes. 19
Examples of Deformations . 20
Example of a Deformation Sequence . 21
Drug-Induced Embryopathies. 22
Terminology. 23
Chapter 2
Early Embryonic Development and the Placenta . 27
Adult Uterus, Ovaries, and Uterine Tubes . 28
Ovary, Ova, and Follicle Development . 29
The Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy. 30
The First Week: .
Ovulation, Fertilization and Migration Down the Uterine Tube. 31
Ectopic Pregnancy. 32
Tubal Pregnancy. 33
Interstitial, Abdominal, and Ovarian Pregnancy. 34
The Second Week: .
Implantation and Extraembryonic Membrane Formation. 35
The Third Week: Gastrulation. 36
Events Related to Gastrulation:.
Neurulation and Early Placenta and Coelom Development . 37
The Fourth Week: Folding of the Gastrula . 38
The Vertebrate Body Plan. 39
Formation of the Placenta. 40
The Endometrium and Fetal Membranes. 41
Placental Structure . 42
External Placental Structure; Placental Membrane. 43
Placental Variations . 44
Placenta Previa. 45
Summary of Ectodermal Derivatives. 46
Summary of Endodermal Derivatives . 47
Summary of Mesodermal Derivatives. 48
Terminology. 49
Chapter 3
The Nervous System. 51
Formation of the Neural Plate. 52
Neurulation. 53
Neural Tube and Neural Crest . 54
Neural Tube Defects
Defects of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column. 55
Defects of the Brain and Skull. 56
Neuron Development. 57
Development of the Cellular Sheath of Axons . 58
Development of the Spinal Cord Layers. 59
Development of the Spinal Cord. 60
Peripheral Nervous System
Development of the Peripheral Nervous System. 61
Somatic Versus Splanchnic Nerves . 62
Growth of the Spinal Cord and Vertebral Column. 63
Embryonic Dermatomes. 64
Adult Dermatomes . 65
Development of the Brain
Early Brain Development. 66
Further Development of Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain. 67
Development of Major Brain Structures. 68
Growth of the Cerebral Hemispheres. 69
Derivatives of the Forebrain, Midbrain, and Hindbrain . 70
Development of the Forebrain
Forebrain Wall and Ventricles. 71
Relationship Between Telencephalon and Diencephalon . 72
Cross Sections of the Midbrain and Hindbrain. 73
Production of Cerebrospinal Fluid . 74
Development of Motor Nuclei in the Brainstem. 75
Segmentation of the Hindbrain. 76
Development of the Pituitary Gland. 77
Development of the Ventricles. 78
Congenital Ventricular Defects. 79
Terminology. 80
Chapter 4
The Cardiovascular System. 83
Early Vascular Systems. 84
Vein Development
Early Development of the Cardinal Systems . 85
Transformation to the Postnatal Pattern. 86
Vein Anomalies. 87
Aortic Arch Arteries . 88
Artery Anomalies
Aortic Arch Anomalies. 89
Anomalous Origins of the Pulmonary Arteries. 90
Intersegmental Arteries and Coarctation of the Aorta. 91
Summary of Embryonic Blood Vessel Derivatives. 92
Formation of Blood Vessels. 93
Formation of the Heart Tube
Formation of the Left and Right Heart Tubes. 94
Formation of a Single Heart Tube. 95
Chambers of the Heart Tube. 96
Bending of the Heart Tube. 97
Partitioning of the Heart Tube. 98
Atrial Separation. 99
Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum . 100
Completion of the Spiral (Aorticopulmonary) Septum. 101
Ventricular Separation and Bulbus Cordis. 102
Adult Derivatives of the Heart Tube Chambers. 103
Fetal Circulation.
