Thematic Cartography, Volume 2, Cartography and the Impact of the Quantitative Revolution
Erschienen am 24. Januar 2013
448 Seiten
978-1-118-58694-5 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
This series in three volumes considers maps as constructions resulting from a number of successive transformations and stages integrated in a logical reasoning and an order of choices. Volume 2 focuses on the impact of the quantitative revolution, partially related to the advent of the computer age, on thematic cartography.
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Cover
- Cartography and the Impact of the Quantitative Revolution
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- General Introduction
- PART I. TRANSFORMATIONS OF ATTRIBUTES [Z] AND USE OF QUANTITATIVE METHODS: GENERALIZATION AND MODELING
- Part I. Introduction
- Chapter 1. From the Description to the Generalization of an Attribute Variable Z
- 1.1. Preliminary data analysis: a crucial step
- 1.1.1. From classical description to exploratory data analysis (EDA)
- 1.1.2. Exploratory data analysis and graphical representations
- 1.1.3. Quantitative level of measurement and graphical representation
- 1.2. Discretization: a constraint with several choices
- 1.2.1. From data to the basic rules
- 1.2.2. Choice of the number of classes
- 1.2.3. Class limits and ranges
- 1.2.4. Discretization and transformation of a variable
- 1.3. Two essential requirements: choosing and assessing the methods
- 1.3.1. A logic of reasoning
- 1.3.2. Guidance for making the necessary choice
- 1.3.3. Guidance and suggestions for making the decision
- 1.4. Conclusion
- Chapter 2. Generalization of Thematic Attributes
- 2.1. Graphical transformations of reduction and generalization
- 2.1.1. Shared characteristics and constraints of graphical processing techniques
- 2.1.2. Techniques for quantitative variables
- 2.1.3. Graphical techniques for multiple and mixed variables: taxonomic tree, scalogram, seriated matrix
- 2.2. From mathematical structuring to standardized cartographic results
- 2.2.1. A factorial method for quantitative variables
- 2.2.2. Methods for frequencies and mixed variables
- 2.3. From mathematical classifications to the interpretation of the results
- 2.3.1. Principles and review of classifications
- 2.3.2. Representations and hierarchical classifications
- 2.3.3. Non-hierarchical classifications
- 2.4. Conclusion
- Chapter 3. Modeling Thematic Attributes: Generalizable Cartographic Choices
- 3.1. Thematic models based on the concept of regression
- 3.1.1. Common characteristics to regression models and to their representations
- 3.1.2. Basic model: simple regression
- 3.1.3. From statistical logic to thematic logic
- 3.2. Models incorporating space via calculations
- 3.2.1. A model linked to the concept of regression: trend surfaces
- 3.2.2. A model integrating spatial component via distance: the potential model
- 3.3. Models incorporating space by construction and by calculations
- 3.3.1. A model of spatial interaction: the isochronous gravity model
- 3.3.2. A model based on the DAI - cellular automata - a method of simulating the evolution of geographic space
- 3.4. Conclusion
- Part I. Conclusion
- PART II. NEW CARTOGRAPHIC TRANSFORMATIONS AND 3D REPRESENTATIONS
- Part II. Introduction
- Chapter 4. Cartographic Transformations of Position
- 4.1. Cartographic transformations of position: aims and characteristics
- 4.1.1. Double objectives
- 4.1.2. Characteristics
- 4.2. Thematic CTPs of weight
- 4.2.1. Characteristics and classification criteria
- 4.2.2. Area cartograms: design and applications
- 4.3. Thematic CTPs of links and directions
- 4.3.1. Unipolar thematic CTPs of links and directions
- 4.3.2. Multi-polar thematic CTPs of connections
- 4.4. Differential CTPs or CTPs of comparison
- 4.4.1. Steps of bidimensional regression
- 4.4.2. Results and contributions of bidimensional regression
- 4.5. Conclusion
- Chapter 5. Taking a Third Dimension into Account, Transformation of Display
- 5.1. From perception of relief to the diversity of "3D" products
- 5.1.1. Vision and perception in 3D: understanding and grasping depth
- 5.1.2. Conventional 3D cartographic representations
- 5.1.3. Diversity and classification of 3D images
- 5.2. Basic principles of representations with a third dimension
- 5.2.1. A constraint: the use of projection
- 5.2.2. Basic parameters of 3D representations
- 5.2.3. Specific principles depending on the continuity property
- 5.3. DTMs as examples of possibilities of DSMs
- 5.3.1. From the first digital attempts to establishing the vocabulary
- 5.3.2. Modern DTMs
- 5.3.3. Derived data and associated cartography
- 5.4. A new way: true 3D
- 5.4.1. The true 3D: basic principles
- 5.4.2. Examples and usefulness of true 3D representations
- 5.5. Conclusion
- Part II. Conclusion
- General conclusion
- Bibliography
- Software used
- Appendices
- Appendix 1. Table of standardized normal distribution
- Appendix 2. Critical values of Bravais-Pearson's correlation coefficient R
- Appendix 3. Critical values of Student's t
- Appendix 4a. Critical values of Fisher-Snedecor's F, significance level 0.05
- Appendix 4b. Critical values of Fisher-Snedecor's F, significance level 0.01
- List of Authors
- Index
- Supplemental Images
