The Sea in the Middle

Contents

Preface
Acknowledgments
A Note on Conventions

Introduction. The Mediterranean: Land, Sea, and People

PART I. THE HELLENO-ISLAMIC MEDITERRANEAN (650-1050 CE):
THE MAKING OF THE HELLENO-ISLAMIC MEDITERRANEAN

1 The Legacy of Empire
The Age of Empires
ARTIFACT: Negotiating Conquest: The Pact of ꞌUmar and the Treaty of Tudmir
Faith and Power
ARTIFACT: Images of Empire: Basil II, Otto III, and ꞌAbd al-Malik

2 Mediterranean Connections
Conflict and Integration
ARTIFACT: al-Qahira (Cairo): The Evolution of an Imperial Capital
Connection and Exchange
ARTIFACT: The Ribat-Funduq of Sousse (Susa): Military, Commercial, and Religious
Infrastructure in the Islamic Mediterranean

3 Conversion and the Consolidation of Identities
Muslim Conquest and Christian Conversion
ARTIFACT: The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
Byzantine Christianity and the Eastern Churches
The Imperial Church under Siege
ARTIFACT: The Church of Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople
The Latin Church in the West
An Islamo-Judaic Mediterranean

4 Peoples of the Book Reading Their Books
ARTIFACT: Wearing God's Book in Medieval Egypt
God's Books
Holy Books and Scholars
Holy Books and Greco-Roman Thinking
ARTIFACT: Medieval Readers: Greco-Roman Texts
Interpretation, Unity, and Power
ARTIFACT: Jewish Responsa and Muslim Fatwas

PART II. AN AGE OF CONFLICT AND COLLABORATION (1050-1350 CE):
THE MEDITERRANEAN FROM THE EDGES

5 Holy and Unholy War
Pilgrims and Predators, ca. 1050-1150
ARTIFACT: Holy War
The Contested Mediterranean, ca. 1150-1250
ARTIFACT: Venice's St. Mark's Square and the Plundering of the Past

6 A Connected Sea
Conflict and Integration, ca. 1250-1350
ARTIFACT: Whose Art? Transregional Sensibilities and Itinerant Objects
Mediterranean Connections, ca. 1050-1350
ARTIFACT: To the Sea in Ships
Strategies and Structures, ca. 1050-1350
ARTIFACT: Mapping the Mediterranean and the World

7 Mediterranean Societies
The Politics of Diversity
ARTIFACT: The Many Faces of Roger II
Complex Societies
ARTIFACT: The Mosque and Hospital at Divrigi
Cosmopolitan Communities
ARTIFACT: The Architecture of Power in the Iberian Peninsula

8 Reading Each Others' Books
Translators and Terrific Stories
ARTIFACT: Alexander the Great in Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic
Their Scripture, Our Language
Talking Religion
ARTIFACT: Interreligious Conversations, Real and Imagined

9 A Sea of Technology, Science, and Philosophy
Technology
ARTIFACT: Qanat and Noria
Science
ARTIFACT: The Seven Heavens
Aristotle: The Master of All Who Know

PART III. THE CONTEST FOR THE MEDITERRENEAN (1350-1650 CE):
NEW EMPIRES, NEW SECTS, NEW WORLDS

10 Imperial Rivalry and Sectarian Strife
The Rise of Frontier Empires, ca. 1350-1500
ARTIFACT: Papal Propaganda in Renaissance Rome
The Duel of Empires and the Web of Alliances, ca. 1500-1650
ARTIFACT: Dueling Caesars: Representations of Ottoman and Habsburg Imperial Power

11 Minorities and Diasporas
Toward Religious Uniformity in the Catholic Mediterranean
ARTIFACT: The Lead Books of Granada
Religious Pluralism in the Muslim Mediterranean
ARTIFACT: Orthodox Monasteries and the Ottoman Empire
Diasporas
ARTIFACT: The Jewish Ghetto in Venice 326

12 Slavery and Captivity, 650-1650
Medieval Transformations of an Ancient Institution
Life of the Enslaved
ARTIFACT: The Ottoman Harem
Captives and Ransoming
ARTIFACT: Malta Transformed: The Impact of the Order of the Knights of St. John
Slavery and Racism
ARTIFACT: Black Africans in the Art of Western Mediterranean Christians

13 Mystical Messiahs and Converts, Humanists and Armorers
Mediterranean Mystics
ARTIFACT: El Greco: Painting the Mystical across the Mediterranean
Mediterranean Messiahs
ARTIFACT: Mediterranean Predictions of the End, 1450-1650
Converts
Humanists and Philosophers, Scientists and Engineers
ARTIFACT: Optics and Eyeglasses

14 Family, Gender, and Honor, ca. 650-1650
Honorable Families
ARTIFACT: Marriage Issues in the Jewish Diaspora: The Case of the Ottoman Near East
Women Inside, Women Outside
ARTIFACT: Women and Inquisitors in the Early Modern Mediterranean
Men and Violence

15 Mediterranean Economies and Societies in a Widening World
Economy and Society after the Black Death
ARTIFACT: The Venetian Arsenal and Venetian Galleys
Economic and Social Problems in an Age of Empire
The Mediterranean and the Atlantic
ARTIFACT: Profit, Fear, and Fascination: Elizabethan England and the Muslim World

Epilogue: Luís de Torres in Cuba, Ishmael in the South Pacific: A World Grown
Larger, a Sea Grown Smaller?

Index