Central Nervous System
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 1. März 2010
606 Seiten
978-0-19-970104-9 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
A textbook of neuroscience for undergraduate medical students providing a concise yet critical treatment of structure - function relationships as a basis for clinical thinking. It aims at conveying an understanding of how the nervous system performs it tasks by using data from molecular biology to clinical neurology.
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Per Brodal
The Central Nervous System
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04/2016
5. Auflage
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03/2010
4. Auflage
Oxford University Press Inc
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Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- Preface
- Introduction
- A Bird's Eye View of the Nervous System
- Studying the Structure and Function of the Nervous System
- PART I: MAIN FEATURES OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- 1. Structure of the Neuron and Organization of Nervous Tissue
- Overview
- Neurons and Their Processes
- Coupling of Neurons: Pathways for Signals
- The Cytoskeleton and Axonal Transport
- 2. Glia
- Overview
- Types of Glial Cells
- Glial Cells and Homeostasis
- Insulation and Protection of Axons
- Microglia and Reactions of the CNS to Injury
- 3. Neuronal Excitability
- Overview
- Basis of Excitability
- The Action Potential
- Impulse Propagation
- How Nerve Cells Vary Their Messages
- 4. Synaptic Function
- Overview
- Neurotransmitter Handling at the Synapse
- Synaptic Potentials and Types of Synapses
- Synaptic Plasticity
- 5. Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors
- Overview
- General Aspects
- Specific Neurotransmitters
- Actions of Drugs on the Nervous System
- 6. Parts of the Nervous System
- Overview
- The Spinal Cord
- The Brain Stem
- The Cerebrum
- The Cerebellum
- 7. The Coverings of the Brain and the Ventricular System
- Overview
- The Meninges
- The Cerebral Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid
- 8. The Blood Supply of the CNS
- Overview
- Cerebral Microcirculation and the Blood-Brain Barrier
- Arterial System
- Venous System
- PART II: DEVELOPMENT, AGING, AND PLASTICITY
- 9. Prenatal and Postnatal Development
- Overview
- Prenatal Development
- Mechanisms for Establishment of Specific Connections
- The Role of the Environment in Development of the Nervous System
- 10. The Nervous System and Aging
- Overview
- Age-Related Changes in the Normal Brain and Their Consequences
- Neurodegenerative Diseases and Dementia
- 11. Restitution of Function after Brain Damage
- Overview
- Brain Injuries and Possible Reparative Processes
- Brain Processes Underlying Recovery of Function
- Restitution after Damage in Early Childhood
- PART III: SENSORY SYSTEMS
- 12. Sensory Receptors in General
- Overview
- Sensory Units and Their Receptive Fields
- Transduction: The Translation of Stimuli to Action Potentials
- Properties and Classification of Receptors
- Receptors and Subjective Sensory Experience
- 13. Peripheral Parts of the Somatosensory System
- Overview
- Exteroceptors: Cutaneous Sensation
- Proprioceptors: Deep Sensation
- The Sensory Fibers and the Dorsal Roots
- 14. Central Parts of the Somatosensory System
- Overview
- Central Somatosensory Pathways
- The Somatosensory Cortical Regions
- 15. Pain
- Overview
- Some Distinctive Features of Pain
- When the Pain System Gets Out of Control
- Central Control of Transmission from Nociceptors and Pain Sensation
- Placebo and Nocebo
- Modern Views on Pain and Pain Treatment
- 16. The Visual System
- Overview
- The Eyeball and the Refracting Media
- The Retina
- Organization of the Visual Pathways
- The Visual Cortex and the Final Processing of Visual Information
- 17. The Auditory System
- Overview
- The Cochlea
- The Auditory Pathways
- The Auditory Cortex
- 18. The Sense of Equilibrium
- Overview
- Structure and Function of the Vestibular Apparatus
- Connections of the Vestibular Nuclei
- Vestibular Reflexes: Control of Eye Movements and Bodily Posture
- Cortical Processing of Vestibular Signals
- 19. Olfaction and Taste
- Overview
- The Olfactory System
- Gustatory System (The Sense of Taste)
- PART IV: MOTOR SYSTEMS
- 20. Motor Systems and Movements in General
- Overview
- Motor and Other Systems Are Mutually Dependent
- Classification of Movements
- 21. The Peripheral Motor Neurons and Reflexes
- Overview
- Motoneurons and Muscles
- Reflexes
- Muscle Tone
- Injury of Peripheral Motor Neurons and Regeneration
- 22. The Motor Cortical Areas and Descending Pathways
- Overview
- The Pyramidal Tract (The Corticospinal Tract)
- Indirect Corticospinal Pathways
- Control of Automatic Movements
- Motor Cortical Areas and Control of Voluntary Movements
- Symptoms Caused by Interruption of Central Motor Pathways (Upper Motor Neurons)
- 23. The Basal Ganglia
- Overview
- Structure and Connections of the Basal Ganglia
- The Ventral Striatum
- Functions of the Basal Ganglia
- Diseases of the Basal Ganglia
- 24. The Cerebellum
- Overview
- Subdivisions and Afferent Connections of the Cerebellum
- The Cerebellar Cortex and the Mossy and Climbing Fibers
- Efferent Connections of the Cerebellum
- Cerebellar Functions and Symptoms in Disease
- 25. Control of Eye Movements
- Overview
- Movements of the Eyes and the Eye Muscles
- Brain Stem and Cerebellar Control of Eye Movements
- Cortical Control of Eye Movements
- PART V: THE BRAIN STEM AND THE CRANIAL NERVES
- 26. The Reticular Formation: Premotor Networks, Consciousness, and Sleep
- Overview
- Structure and Connections of the Reticular Formation
- Functions of the Reticular Formation
- Consciousness
- Sleep
- 27. The Cranial Nerves
- Overview
- General Organization of the Cranial Nerves
- The Hypoglossal Nerve
- The Accessory Nerve
- The Vagus Nerve
- The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- The Vestibulocochlear Nerve
- The Facial and Intermediate Nerves
- The Trigeminal Nerve
- The Abducens, Trochlear, and Oculomotor Nerves
- PART VI: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 28. Visceral Efferent Neurons: The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions
- Overview
- General Organization
- Peripheral Parts of the Sympathetic System
- Peripheral Parts of the Parasympathetic System
- The Enteric Nervous System
- Functional Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System
- 29. Sensory Visceral Neurons and Visceral Reflexes
- Overview
- Visceral Receptors and Afferent Pathways
- Visceral Reflexes
- Visceral Pain
- 30. The Central Autonomic System: The Hypothalamus
- Overview
- Centers in the Brain Stem for Coordination of Behavior
- Structure and Connections of the Hypothalamus
- The Hypothalamus and the Endocrine System
- Functional Aspects
- The Hypothalamus and the Immune System
- The Hypothalamus and Mental Functions
- PART VII: LIMBIC STRUCTURES
- 31. The Amygdala, the Basal Forebrain, and Emotions
- Overview
- What Is the "Limbic System?"
- The Amygdala
- Some Aspects of Cortical Control of Autonomic Functions and Emotions
- Neuronal Groups in the Basal Parts of the Hemispheres: The Basal Forebrain
- 32. The Hippocampal Formation: Learning and Memory
- Overview
- The Hippocampal Formation
- Functional Aspects
- PART VIII: THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
- 33. The Cerebral Cortex: Intrinsic Organization and Connections
- Overview
- Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
- Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
- 34. Functions of the Neocortex
- Overview
- Association Areas
- Language Functions and "Speech Areas" of the Cerebral Cortex
- The Division of Tasks between the Hemispheres
- Sex Differences and the Cerebral Cortex
- Literature
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- X
- Y
