
Central Nervous System
Beschreibung
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Inhalt
- Intro
- Contents
- A Brief Survey
- Studying the Structures and Function of the Nervous System
- Animal Experiments Crucial for Progress
- Ethics and Animal Experiments
- Sources of Error in All Methods
- Revising Scientific Truths from Time to Time
- I: MAIN FEATURES OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- 1. Cellular Elements of Nervous Tissue
- Structure of the Neuron
- Coupling of Neurons: Pathways for Signals
- The Cytoskeleton and Axonal Transport
- Glial Cells
- 2. Functional Properties of Neurons
- Basis of Excitability and Impulse Propagation
- Synaptic Transmission
- Neurotransmitters and Their Receptors
- 3. Parts of the Nervous System
- The Spinal Cord
- The Brain Stem
- The Cerebrum
- The Cerebellum
- The Coverings of the Brain
- The Cerebral Ventricles and the Cerebrospinal Fluid
- The Blood Supply of the Central Nervous System
- 4. Development, Aging, and Plasticity of the Nervous System
- Development of the Nervous System
- The Nervous System and Aging
- Restitution of Function
- II: SENSORY SYSTEMS
- 5. Sensory Receptors in General
- Sensory Units and Their Receptive Fields
- Transduction: The Translation of Stimuli to Action Potentials
- Receptor Properties
- Classification on the Basis of Receptor Properties
- Receptors and Subjective Sensory Experience
- 6. The Somatosensory System
- Exteroceptors: Cutaneous Sensation
- Proprioceptors: Deep Sensation
- The Sensory Fibers and the Dorsal Roots
- The Central Somatosensory Pathways
- The Somatosensory Cortical Regions
- Pain
- 7. The Visual System
- The Eyeball and the Refracting Media
- The Retina
- Organization of the Visual Pathways
- The Visual Cortex and the Final Processing of Visual Information
- 8. The Auditory System
- The Cochlea
- The Auditory Pathways
- The Auditory Cortex
- 9. The Sense of Equilibrium
- Structure and Function of the Vestibular Apparatus
- Connections of the Vestibular Nuclei
- Vestibular Reflexes
- Receptors and Reflexes of Importance for Body Balance
- Cortical Processing of Vestibular Signals
- 10. Olfaction and Taste
- The Olfactory System
- The Sense of Taste
- III: MOTOR SYSTEMS
- 11. The Peripheral Motor Neurons and Reflexes
- Motoneurons and Muscles
- Reflexes
- Muscle Tone
- Injury of Peripheral Motor Neurons and Regeneration
- 12. The Central Motor Pathways
- The Pyramidal Tract (The Corticospinal Tract)
- Other Descending Pathways to the Spinal Cord
- Control of Automatic Movements
- Motor Cortical Areas and Control of Voluntary Movements
- Symptoms Caused by Interruptions of Central Motor Pathways (Upper Motor Neurons)
- 13. The Basal Ganglia
- Structure and Connections of the Basal Ganglia
- The Ventral Striatum
- Functions of the Basal Ganglia
- Diseases of the Basal Ganglia
- 14. The Cerebellum
- Subdivisions and Afferent Connections of the Cerebellum
- The Cerebellar Cortex and the Mossy and Climbing Fibers
- Efferent Connections of the Cerebellum
- Cerebellar Functions and Symptoms in Disease
- 15. Control of Eye Movements
- The Eye Muscles and Movements of the Eyes
- Central Control of Eye Movements
- IV: THE BRAIN STEM AND THE CRANIAL NERVES
- 16. Reticular Formation
- Structure and Connections of the Reticular Formation
- Functions of the Reticular Formation
- Consciousness
- Sleep
- 17. The Cranial Nerves
- General Organization of the Cranial Nerves
- The Hypoglossal Nerve
- The Accessory Nerve
- The Vagus Nerve
- The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- The Vestibulocochlear Nerve
- The Facial and Intermediate Nerves
- The Trigeminal Nerve
- The Abducens, Trochlear, and Oculomotor Nerves
- V: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
- 18. The Peripheral Autonomic Nervous System
- General Organization of the Autonomic System
- Peripheral Parts of the Sympathetic System
- Peripheral Parts of the Parasympathetic System
- The Enteric Nervous System
- Functional Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System
- Neurotransmitters in the Autonomic Nervous System
- Sensory Innervation of Visceral Organs and Visceral Reflexes
- 19. The Central Autonomic System: Hypothalamus
- Centers in the Brain Stem for Coordination of Behavior
- Structure and Connections of the Hypothalamus
- The Hypothalamus and the Endocrine System
- Functional Aspects
- The Hypothalamus and the Immune System
- The Hypothalamus and Mental Functions
- VI: LIMBIC STRUCTURES AND THE CEREBRAL CORTEX
- 20. The Limbic Structures: Emotions and Memory
- The Amygdala and Emotions
- Cortical Control of Autonomic Functions and Emotions
- Neuronal Groups in the Basal Parts of the Hemispheres: The Basal Forebrain
- The Hippocampal Formation: Learning and Memory
- 21. The Cerebral Cortex
- Structure of the Cerebral Cortex
- Connections of the Cerebral Cortex
- Functions of the Neocortex
- Language Functions and "Speech Areas" of the Cerebral Cortex
- The Division of Tasks between the Hemispheres
- Literature
- Index
- A
- B
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- H
- I
- J
- K
- L
- M
- N
- O
- P
- Q
- R
- S
- T
- U
- V
- W
- Z
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