Corticosteroids, An Issue of Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America
1. Auflage
Erschienen am 19. Januar 2016
100 Seiten
978-0-323-41713-6 (ISBN)
Beschreibung
Corticosteroids represent the most important and frequently used class of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant agents in the management of many rheumatological conditions. Included in this issue will be articles on the following topics: Glucocorticoid use in intra-articular and soft tissue injections, corticosteroids and osteoporosis, corticosteroids in lupus, ANCA associated vasculitis, and many more!
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Front Cover
- Corticosteroids
- Copyright
- Contributors
- CONSULTING EDITOR
- EDITOR
- AUTHORS
- Contents
- Foreword: Corticosteroids
- Preface: Corticosteroids: Friends and Foes
- The History of Cortisone Discovery and Development
- Corticosteroids: Mechanisms of Action in Health and Disease
- Glucocorticoids and Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Corticosteroids in Lupus
- Corticosteroids in Lupus Nephritis and Central Nervous System Lupus
- Glucocorticoids for Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
- Corticosteroids in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
- Corticosteroids in Myositis and Scleroderma
- Corticosteroids in Sarcoidosis
- Corticosteroids for Pain of Spinal Origin: Epidural and Intraarticular Administration
- Infection Risk and Safety of Corticosteroid Use
- Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis
- RHEUMATIC DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
- FORTHCOMING ISSUES
- May 2016
- August 2016
- November 2016
- RECENT ISSUES
- November 2015
- August 2015
- May 2015
- Foreword: Corticosteroids
- Preface: Corticosteroids: Friends and Foes
- The History of Cortisone Discovery and Development
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- PHILIP SHOWALTER HENCH
- EDWARD CHARLES KENDALL
- WORLD WAR II
- MRS G
- THE STORY BREAKS
- THE NOBEL PRIZE
- AFTERMATH
- THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK
- EPILOGUE
- THE LEGACY OF CORTICOSTEROIDS
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- GLUCOCORTICOID SYNTHESIS, SECRETION, AND BIOAVAILABILITY
- GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR
- MECHANISMS OF GLUCOCORTICOID ACTION
- Genomic Actions of Glucocorticoids
- Nongenomic Actions of Glucocorticoids
- GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR HETEROGENEITY
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Splice Variants
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Translational Isoforms
- Posttranslational Modifications of Glucocorticoid Receptor
- Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphisms
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
- REFERENCES
- Glucocorticoids and Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- Inflammation Under Control
- Pain Relief and Structural Progression
- Fatigue, Anxiety, and Depression
- DOSING IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- Equivalents of Prednisone
- ADMINISTRATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
- Systemic
- Oral
- Parenteral
- Intra-articular
- SIDE EFFECTS
- Patient Education
- Minimizing glucocorticoid side effects
- Osteoporosis and Fractures
- Other Musculoskeletal Adverse Events
- Endocrine and Metabolic Adverse Events
- Glucose metabolism and diabetes
- Weight gain
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression
- Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Atherosclerosis
- Infections
- Renal Dysfunction
- Dermatologic Side Effects
- Ophthalmologic Side Effects
- Gastrointestinal Side Effects
- Neuropsychological Side Effects
- DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS
- FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids in Lupus
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
- General
- Mucocutaneous
- Musculoskeletal
- Hematologic
- Cardiac
- Pulmonary
- Gastrointestinal
- Ophthalmologic
- Nephritis and Neuropsychiatric
- Pregnancy and Lactation
- DOSING
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis
- Mechanism of Corticosteroids
- Dosing
- Resistance to Corticosteroids
- ADMINISTRATION
- SIDE EFFECTS
- Corticosteroids and Damage
- Corticosteroids and Cardiovascular Disease
- Corticosteroids and Infections
- Corticosteroids and Fracture
- DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS
- PRACTICAL TREATMENT CONSIDERATIONS
- FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS/SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids in Lupus Nephritis and Central Nervous System Lupus
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS
- EVALUATION OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS
- TREATMENT GOALS FOR LUPUS NEPHRITIS
- PROLIFERATIVE LUPUS NEPHRITIS INDUCTION THERAPY
- PROLIFERATIVE LUPUS NEPHRITIS MAINTENANCE THERAPY
- CHALLENGING CURRENT CORTICOSTEROID PRACTICES
- TAPERING OF CORTICOSTEROIDS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LUPUS
- EVALUATION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LUPUS
- COMMON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH LUPUS
- FEATURES OF LESS FREQUENT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LUPUS EVENTS
- TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LUPUS
- IMMUNOSUPPRESSION FOR CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LUPUS REFRACTORY TO CORTICOSTEROIDS
- ADVERSE EFFECTS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Glucocorticoids for Management of Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- MANAGEMENT
- GLUCOCORTICOIDS FOR TREATMENT OF POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
- MECHANISMS OF GLUCOCORTICOID ACTIONS
- WHY DOES CLINICAL EFFICACY OF GLUCOCORTICOID THERAPY VARY AMONG DIFFERENT PATIENTS?
- ADVERSE EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS
- CLINICAL ASPECTS OF THERAPY WITH GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
- Giant Cell Arteritis
- NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND ANALGESICS IN POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
- GLUCOCORTICOID-SPARING AGENTS IN POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
- Nonbiological Agents
- Biological Agents
- ASPIRIN USE IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
- MANAGEMENT OF GLUCOCORTICOID-RELATED COMPLICATIONS IN POLYMYALGIA RHEUMATICA AND GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- REMISSION INDUCTION THERAPY
- Intravenous Glucocorticoids
- Oral Glucocorticoids
- MAINTENANCE THERAPY
- TREATMENT OF RELAPSES
- LOCAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS
- FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids in Myositis and Scleroderma
- Key points
- IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES
- Background and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Classification Criteria for Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
- Treatment Options
- POLYMYOSITIS
- Background and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- DERMATOMYOSITIS
- Background and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- INCLUSION BODY MYOSITIS
- Background and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- NECROTIZING MYOPATHIES
- Background and Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- SCLERODERMA: LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA (MORPHEA) AND SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
- LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA (MORPHEA)
- Background and Clinical Manifestations
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS
- Background and Clinical Presentation
- Diagnostic Evaluation
- Treatment
- Skin
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- Musculoskeletal
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- Interstitial lung disease
- Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroid-sparing options
- Scleroderma renal crisis
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids in Sarcoidosis
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS TO TREAT SARCOIDOSIS
- GENERAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF SARCOIDOSIS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
- Issues of Dose
- Issues of Duration
- Issues of When to Add Additional Agents to Corticosteroids
- CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY FOR SPECIFIC FORMS OF SARCOIDOSIS
- Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
- Cardiac Sarcoidosis
- Skin Sarcoidosis
- Eye Sarcoidosis
- Neurologic
- Musculoskeletal Involvement
- Other Organs
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Corticosteroids for Pain of Spinal Origin
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- BACKGROUND
- THERAPEUTIC RATIONALE
- CLINICAL INDICATIONS
- ANATOMIC TARGETS FOR CORTICOSTEROID INJECTION
- EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTION
- Epidural Steroid Injection: Three Approaches
- Epidural Steroid Injection: Efficacy
- Epidural Steroid Injection: Dosage
- Epidural Steroid Injection: Fluoroscopy
- LOCAL INJECTION FOR CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN SYNDROMES ATTRIBUTED TO THE LUMBAR FACET JOINTS
- SACROILIAC JOINT INJECTION
- Comment: Area of Overlap - Spinal Injections into Facet/Sacroiliac Joints Related to Discussion in Other Chapters About Int ...
- Complications
- SIDE EFFECTS OF THE STEROIDS
- Complications: Dosage
- Complications: Steroid Formulation
- Complications: Needle Placement
- ORAL STEROIDS
- Contraindications
- REFERENCES
- Infection Risk and Safety of Corticosteroid Use
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- INFECTION IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND CORTICOSTEROIDS
- RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
- OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
- OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
- PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECI PNEUMONIA
- Herpes Zoster
- Strongyloidiasis
- Tuberculosis
- VACCINATION AND OTHER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
- Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
- Herpes Zoster
- Tuberculosis
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis
- Key points
- INTRODUCTION
- GLUCOCORTICOID EFFECTS ON BONE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS/IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AT RISK
- Bone Mineral Density Measurement
- FRAX
- Other Testing Strategies
- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT
- Lifestyle Measures and Assessment
- Calcium and Vitamin D
- Bisphosphonates
- Teriparatide
- Denosumab
- Raloxifene
- Percutaneous Vertebroplasty
- International Guidelines for Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis
- Postmenopausal women and men greater than or equal to 50 years of age
- Premenopausal women and men aged less than 50
- SUMMARY
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- REFERENCES
- Index
