
Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organizations
Beschreibung
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Person
Inhalt
- Intro
- Tax Planning and Compliance for Tax-Exempt Organizations
- Dedication
- About the Author
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Exhibits
- PART I: QUALIFICATIONS OF TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS
- Chapter One Distinguishing Characteristics of Tax-Exempt Organizations
- 1.1 Differences Between Exempt and Nonexempt Organizations
- 1.2 Nomenclature
- 1.3 Ownership and Control
- 1.4 Role of the Internal Revenue Service
- 1.5 Suitability as an Exempt Organization
- 1.6 Start-Up Tax and Financial Considerations
- 1.7 Choosing the Best Form of Organization
- Chapter Two Qualifying Under IRC §501(c)(3)
- 2.1 Organizational Test
- 2.2 Operational Test
- Chapter Three Religious Organizations
- 3.1 Types of Religious Organizations
- 3.2 Churches
- 3.3 Religious Orders
- 3.4 Religious and Apostolic Associations
- Chapter Four Charitable Organizations
- 4.1 Relief of the Poor
- 4.2 Promotion of Social Welfare
- 4.3 Lessening the Burdens of Government
- 4.4 Advancement of Religion
- 4.5 Advancement of Education and Science
- 4.6 Promotion of Health
- 4.7 Cooperative Hospital Service Organizations
- Chapter Five Educational, Scientific, and Literary Purposes and Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals
- 5.1 Educational Purposes
- 5.2 Literary Purposes
- 5.3 Scientific Purposes
- 5.4 Testing for Public Safety
- 5.5 Fostering National or International Amateur Sports Competition (But Only If No Part of Its Activities Involves the Provision of Athletic Facilities or Equipment)
- 5.6 Prevention of Cruelty to Children or Animals
- Chapter Six Civic Leagues and Local Associations of Employees: §501(c)(4)
- 6.1 Comparison of (c)(3) and (c)(4) Organizations
- 6.2 Qualifying and Nonqualifying Civic Organizations
- 6.3 Local Associations of Employees
- 6.4 Neighborhood and Homeowner's Associations
- 6.5 Disclosures of Nondeductibility
- Chapter Seven Labor, Agricultural, and Horticultural Organizations: §501(c)(5)
- 7.1 Labor Unions
- 7.2 Agricultural Groups
- 7.3 Horticultural Groups
- 7.4 Disclosures of Nondeductibility
- Chapter Eight Business Leagues: §501(c)(6)
- 8.1 Basic Characteristics
- 8.2 Meaning of "Common Business Interest
- 8.3 Line of Business
- 8.4 Rendering Services for Members
- 8.5 Sources of Revenue
- 8.6 Membership Categories
- 8.7 Member Inurement
- 8.8 Chambers of Commerce and Boards of Trade
- 8.9 Comparison to §501(c)(5)
- 8.10 Recognition of Exempt Status
- 8.11 Formation of a Related Charitable Organization
- 8.12 Disclosures for Lobbying and Nondeductibility
- Chapter Nine Social Clubs: §501(c)(7)
- 9.1 Organizational Requirements and Characteristics
- 9.2 Member Inurement Prohibited
- 9.3 Membership Requirements
- 9.4 Revenue Tests
- 9.5 Unrelated Business Income Tax
- 9.6 Filing and Disclosure Requirements
- Chapter Ten Instrumentalities of Government and Title-Holding Corporations
- 10.1 §501(c)(1) Instrumentalities of the United States
- 10.2 Governmental Units
- 10.3 §501(c)(2) Title-Holding Corporations
- 10.4 §501(c)(25) Title-Holding Corporations
- Chapter Eleven Public Charities
- 11.1 Distinctions Between Public and Private Charities
- 11.2 "Inherently Public Activity" and Broad Public Support: §509(a)(1)
- 11.3 Community Foundations
- 11.4 Service-Providing Organizations: §509(a)(2)
- 11.5 Difference Between §509(a)(1) and §509(a)(2)
- 11.6 Supporting Organizations: §509(a)(3)
- 11.7 Testing for Public Safety: §509(a)(4)
- PART II: STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS
- Chapter Twelve Private Foundations-General Concepts
- 12.1 Why Private Foundations Are Special
- 12.2 Special Rules Pertaining to Private Foundations
- 12.3 Application of Taxes to Certain Nonexempt Trusts
- 12.4 Termination of Private Foundation Status
- Appendix 12-1: Brief Description of Tax Sanctions Applicable to Private Foundations
- Chapter Thirteen Excise Tax Based on Investment Income: IRC §4940
- 13.1 Formula for Taxable Income
- 13.2 Capital Gains
- 13.3 Deductions from Gross Investment Income
- 13.4 Tax-Planning Ideas
- 13.5 Foreign Foundations
- 13.6 Timely Payment of Excise Tax
- 13.7 Exempt Operating Foundations
- Chapter Fourteen Self-Dealing: IRC §4941
- 14.1 Definition of Self-Dealing
- 14.2 Sale, Exchange, or Lease of Property
- 14.3 Loans
- 14.4 Compensation
- 14.5 Transactions That Benefit Disqualified Persons
- 14.6 Payments to Government Officials
- 14.7 Sharing Space, People, and Expenses
- 14.8 Indirect Deals
- 14.9 Property Held by Fiduciaries
- 14.10 Issues Once Self-Dealing Occurs
- Chapter Fifteen Minimum Distribution Requirements: IRC §4942
- 15.1 Assets Used to Calculate Minimum Investment Return
- 15.2 Measuring Fair Market Value
- 15.3 Distributable Amount
- 15.4 Qualifying Distributions
- 15.5 Private Operating Foundations
- 15.6 Satisfying the Distribution Test
- Chapter Sixteen Excess Business Holdings and Jeopardizing Investments: IRC §4943 and §4944
- 16.1 Excess Business Holdings
- 16.2 Jeopardizing Investments
- 16.3 Program-Related Investments
- 16.4 Penalty Taxes
- Chapter Seventeen Taxable Expenditures: IRC §4945
- 17.1 Lobbying
- 17.2 Voter Registration Drives
- 17.3 Grants to Individuals
- 17.4 Grants to Public Charities
- 17.5 Grants to Foreign Organizations
- 17.6 Expenditure Responsibility Grants
- 17.7 Noncharitable Expenditures
- 17.8 Excise Taxes Payable
- Appendix 17-1: Examples of Emergency and Hardship Grant Applications
- PART III: OBTAINING AND MAINTAINING TAX-EXEMPT STATUS
- Chapter Eighteen IRS Filings, Procedures, and Policies
- 18.1 IRS Determination Process
- 18.2 Annual Filing of Forms 990
- 18.3 Reporting Organizational Changes to the IRS
- 18.4 Weathering an IRS Examination
- 18.5 When Organization Loses Its Tax-Exempt Status
- Chapter Nineteen Maintaining Exempt Status
- 19.1 Checklists
- Chapter Twenty Private Inurement and Intermediate Sanctions
- 20.1 Defining Inurement
- 20.2 Salaries and Other Compensation
- 20.3 Finding Salary Statistics
- 20.4 Housing and Meals
- 20.5 Purchase, Lease, or Sale of Property or Services
- 20.6 Loans and Guarantees
- 20.7 For-Profit to Nonprofit and Vice Versa
- 20.8 Services Rendered for Individuals
- 20.9 Joint Ventures
- 20.10 Intermediate Sanctions
- Chapter Twenty-One Unrelated Business Income
- 21.1 IRS Scrutiny of Unrelated Business Income
- 21.2 History of the Unrelated Business Income Tax
- 21.3 Consequences of Receiving UBI
- 21.4 Definition of Trade or Business
- 21.5 What Is Unrelated Business Income?
- 21.6 "Regularly Carried On
- 21.7 "Substantially Related
- 21.8 Unrelated Activities
- 21.9 The Exceptions
- 21.10 Income Modifications
- 21.11 Calculating and Minimizing Taxable Income
- 21.12 Debt-Financed Property
- 21.13 Museums
- 21.14 Travel Tours
- 21.15 Publishing
- Chapter Twenty-Two Relationships with Other Organizations and Businesses
- 22.1 Creation of (c)(3) by (c)(4), (5), or (6)
- 22.2 Alliances with Investors
- 22.3 Creation of a For-Profit Corporate Subsidiary
- 22.4 Active Business Relationships
- Chapter Twenty-Three Electioneering and Lobbying
- 23.1 Election Campaign Involvement
- 23.2 Voter Education versus Candidate Promotion
- 23.3 Tax on Political Expenditures
- 23.4 Lobbying Activity of §501(c)(3) Organizations
- 23.5 Permissible Amounts of Lobbying
- 23.6 Lobbying Limits for 501(c)(4), (5), (6), and Other Exempt Organizations
- 23.7 Advocacy and Nonpartisan Analysis
- Chapter Twenty-Four Deductibility and Disclosures
- 24.1 Overview of Deductibility
- 24.2 The Substantiation and Quid Pro Quo Rules
- 24.3 Valuing Donor Benefits
- 24.4 Unrelated Business Income Aspects of Fund-Raising
- 24.5 State and Local Regulations
- Chapter Twenty-Five Employment Taxes
- 25.1 Distinctions Between Employees and Independent Contractors
- 25.2 Ministers
- 25.3 Reporting Requirements
- Chapter Twenty-Six Mergers, Bankruptcies, and Terminations
- 26.1 Mergers and Other Combinations
- 26.2 Bankruptcy
- 26.3 Terminations
- Table of Cases
- Table of IRS Revenue Rulings and Revenue Procedures
- Index
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