Physical Methods in Chemical Analysis

ContentsContributors Preface Gas Chromatography 1. General Theory 2. Apparatus 3. Analytical Applications 4. The Study of Distribution Equilibria 5. Conclusion References Electrochromatography (Zone Electrophoresis, Pherography) 1. History and Nomenclature 2. Theory 3. Apparatus and Techniques 4. Application of the Method References Electroanalytical Methods in Trace Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Separation of Minor Constituents 3. Polarography 4. Amperometric Procedures 5. Titration Methods 6. Anodic Stripping of Deposited Metals References High-Frequency Method of Chemical Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Theory : Classes of Instruments and Their General Behavior 3. Advantages and Limitations of the High-Frequency Method of Chemical Analysis 4. Applications of the High-Frequency Method of Chemical Analysis References Field Emission Microscopy 1. General Background 2. Theory of Field Emission 3. The Field Emission Microscope 4. Ultrahigh Vacuum Technique 5. Application of the Field Emission Microscope 6. The Field Ion Microscope ReferencesTheory and Principles of Sampling for Chemical Analysis 1. The Theory of Sampling 2. Computation of Sample Size for Actual Materials 3. Multiple Sampling Operations 4. Principles for the Practice of Sampling References Flame Photometry 1. Introduction and Historical Background 2. Basic Working Principles of Flame Photometry 3. Types of Flame Photometers Available 4. Sample Treatment Required for Flame Photometric Determinations 5. Factors Affecting Precision and Accuracy in Flame Photometry 6. Uses of Flame Photometry References Microwave Spectroscopy 1. Introduction 2. The Theoretical Background of Microwave Spectroscopy 3. Application to Qualitative Analysis 4. Problems Connected with Quantitative Analysis 5. Apparatus 6. The Determination of Electron Concentration in Flames 7. Paramagnetic-Resonance Spectra References Analytical Applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1. Introduction 2. General Theory 3. Experimental Methods 4. High-Resolution NMR Spectroscopy 5. Other Applications References Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis 1. The Development of X-Ray Emission Spectrometry 2. Fluorescent X-Ray Spectrometry and Its Early Difficulties 3. Improvements in Techniques and Instrumentation 4. Quantitative Analyses from Line Intensities and Intensity Ratios with Internal Standards 5. Multichannel Recording 6. Applications References Analytical Distillation 1. Introduction 2. General Discussion of Analytical Distillation 3. Essential Theoretical Basis 4. Low-Temperature Analytical Distillation 5. High-Temperature Analytical Distillation References Neutron Spectroscopy and Neutron Interactions in Chemical Analysis 1. Introduction 2. Summary of Properties and Interactions of Neutrons 3. Neutron Sources 4. Cross Sections for Neutron Interactions 5. Nature of Neutron Interactions 6. Variations in Cross Sections with Neutron Energy 7. Neutron Spectrometers for Selection of Neutrons of Known Energies 8. Other Methods of Selecting Neutrons for Interactions 9. Use of Thermal Neutron Beams 10. Analysis by Transmission at Selected Velocities 11. Analysis by Resonance Absorption and Scattering of Neutrons 12. Analysis Based on Absorption in a Flux of Neutrons 13. Neutron Activation 14. Activation Analysis by Means of Scintillation Spectrometry 15. Neutron Diffraction References Author Index Subject Index