
International Arbitration in Italy
Massimo V. Benedettelli(Autor*in)
Kluwer Law International (Verlag)
Erschienen am 9. Dezember 2020
616 Seiten
978-90-411-4828-5 (ISBN)
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Beschreibung
Arbitrating cross-border business disputes has been common practice in Italy since centuries. It is no wonder, then, that Italian arbitration law and jurisprudence are ample and sophisticated. Italian courts have already rendered thousands of judgments addressing complex problems hidden in the regulation of arbitration. Italian jurists have been among the outstanding members of the international arbitration community, starting from when back in 1958, Professor Eugenio Minoli was among the promoters of the New York Convention. Being Italy the third-largest economy in the European Union and the eighth-largest economy by nominal GDP in the world, it also comes as no surprise that Italian companies, and foreign companies with respect to the business they do in the Italian market, are among the main ';users' of international arbitration, nor that Italy is part to a network of more than 80 treaties aimed to protect inbound and outbound foreign direct investments and being the ground for investment arbitration cases. Moreover, in recent years, Italy has risen to prominence as a neutral arbitral seat, in particular for the settlement of ';intra-Mediterranean' disputes, also thanks to the reputation acquired by the Milan Chamber of Arbitration which has become one of the main European arbitral institutions. This book is the first commentary on international arbitration in Italy ever written in English. It is an indispensable tool for arbitrators, counsel, experts, officers of arbitral institutions and judges who happen to be involved in arbitral proceedings or arbitration-related court proceedings somewhat linked to the Italian legal system, either because Italy is the seat of the arbitration, the Italian jurisdiction has been ousted by a foreign-seated arbitration, the assistance of Italian courts is sought for the granting of interim measures or the enforcement of a foreign award or the arbitration results from a multilateral or bilateral investment protection treaty to which Italy is a party. This book may also be of general interest for scholars and practitioners of international arbitration at large to the extent that it deals with the ';theory' of international arbitration and illustrates original solutions offered by Italian arbitration law to various complex issues, such as: the potential conflicts (and required balance) between party autonomy and State sovereignty in the governance of arbitrations; the relationship between the New York Convention and the legal system of the State of the arbitral seat; the potential impact on cross-border arbitrations of insolvencies, human rights, or European Union law; the arbitrability of corporate disputes; the extension of arbitration agreements to ';necessary parties'. Appendixes include an English translation of the main provisions of Italian law relevant to arbitration, a list of the investment protection treaties to which Italy is a party, and an English version of the Rules of Arbitration of the Milan Chamber of Arbitration. The author, who is full professor of international law, name partner of ArbLit (the first Italian boutique focusing on cross-border dispute settlement) and the current Italian member of the ICC Court of Arbitration, has written the book aiming to combine his academic background with his long-standing experience as counsel and arbitrator.
Weitere Details
Sprache
Englisch
Verlagsort
Alphen aan den Rijn
Niederlande
Verlagsgruppe
Wolters Kluwer
Dateigröße
0,78 MB
ISBN-13
978-90-411-4828-5 (9789041148285)
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Weitere Ausgaben
Inhalt
- Intro
- Half-Title Page
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- About the Author
- Table of Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgements
- Note to the Readers
- Reference Books
- List of Abbreviations
- CHAPTER 1 International Arbitration and Italian Law
- A. 'Law', 'Arbitration' and 'International' Arbitration
- 1. The Notion of Law
- 2. The Notion of Arbitration
- 3. The Notion of International Arbitration
- a. International Arbitration as Arbitration Linked with More than One State Legal System
- b. International Arbitration as Arbitration Governed by the Lex Communis Arbitralis
- c. International Arbitration as Arbitration Taking Place Within the International Arbitration Community
- d. International Arbitration as an Instrument by Which the Adjudicatory Function Is Performed in a Non-State Legal System
- e. International Arbitration as Arbitration Grounded on International Law
- f. International Arbitration as Dispute Settlement Mechanism Grounded Exclusively on Party Autonomy
- g. International Arbitration as Domestic Arbitration Governed by a Special Regime
- B. The Relevance of Italian Law for the Regulation of International Arbitration
- 1. Connections Between Italy and an International Arbitration
- a. The Italian 'Seat' of the Arbitration
- i. The Seat as Criterion of Jurisdiction
- ii. The Seat as Connecting Factor
- iii. The Seat as Venue Criterion
- b. The Ousting of the Italian Jurisdiction and the Resolution of the Relevant Disputes
- c. Applications to Italian Courts for Interim Measures in Support of Foreign Arbitrations and for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards
- d. The 'Centre of Main Interests' or an Establishment of the Insolvent Party Being Located in Italy
- e. Contractual Connections
- 2. Different Perspectives as to the Relevance of Italian Law
- C. Sources of Italian Arbitration Law
- 1. International Law
- a. Customary Law
- b. Treaty Law
- i. The New York Convention
- ii. The Geneva Convention
- iii. The Washington Convention
- iv. Bilateral Investment Treaties
- v. Other Treaties
- 2. European Law
- 3. Domestic Law
- a. The Code of Civil Procedure
- i. Arts 806-840 on Arbitration
- ii. Other Relevant Rules
- b. The Civil Code
- c. Statutes Regulating Special Arbitrations
- i. Corporate Arbitration
- ii. Public Contracts Arbitration
- iii. Banking and Financial 'Arbitrations'
- d. Other Relevant Statutes
- 4. Custom
- D. Principles for the Interpretation of Italian Arbitration Law
- 1. Favor Arbitratus
- 2. Award-Judgment Equivalence
- 3. Internationalization of Domestic Arbitration
- 4. Reasonableness in the Regulation of Arbitration
- E. Principles for the Coordination of Different Sources of Italian Arbitration Law
- CHAPTER 2 Arbitration and Italian Courts
- A. The Multiple Effects of Arbitration Agreements on the Italian Jurisdiction
- 1. Ousting the Jurisdiction of Italian Courts
- a. Conditions for Ousting the Jurisdiction in Favour of a Non-domestic Arbitration
- i. The Written Form of the Arbitration Agreement
- ii. The Disputes Submitted to Arbitration Being Determined
- iii. Subject-Matter Arbitrability
- iv. The Arbitration Agreement Not Being 'Null and Void, Inoperative or Incapable of Being Performed'
- v. The Parties' Capacity to Enter into the Arbitration Agreement
- b. The Referral of the Dispute to Arbitration by Italian Courts
- 2. Allocating Adjudicatory Powers Between Arbitral Tribunals and Italian Courts over Disputes on the Arbitration Agreement or the Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
- a. The Power to Decide Disputes on the Arbitration Agreement
- i. The Arbitral Tribunal's Power
- ii. The Court's Power
- b. The Power to Adjudicate on the Regular Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
- c. Lis Pendens Between Arbitral and Judicial Proceedings
- 3. Conferring Jurisdiction on Italian Courts over Arbitration-Related Matters
- CHAPTER 3 The Arbitration Agreement
- A. Italian Law as the Law Applicable to the Arbitration Agreement
- B. The Arbitration Agreement under Italian Law
- 1. Notion of Arbitration Agreement
- 2. Different Types of Arbitration Agreements
- 3. Arbitrability
- a. Notion of Arbitrability
- b. Lack of Subject-Matter Arbitrability Because the Dispute Relates to Rights Which the Parties Cannot Dispose Of
- c. Lack of Subject-Matter Arbitrability Because of a Statutory Prohibition
- i. Labour Disputes
- ii. Consumers' Disputes
- iii. Corporate Disputes
- iv. Insolvency Disputes
- v. Disputes in Matters Regulated by Mandatory Provisions of EU Law
- vi. Other Limits to Arbitrability
- d. 'Subjective' Arbitrability
- e. Adjudication Incidenter Tantum of Non-arbitrable Issues
- C. Institutional Arbitration
- D. Separability of the Arbitration Agreement
- E. The Capacity of the Parties to the Arbitration Agreement
- F. The Validity and Effects of the Arbitration Agreement
- 1. Written Form
- 2. The Subject Matter of the Dispute Being Determined
- 3. Other Relevant Elements
- 4. The Interpretation of the Arbitration Agreement
- 5. 'Subjective Extension' to Non-signatories
- 6. 'Objective Extension' to Matters not Covered by the Arbitration Agreement
- a. Preliminary Issues
- b. Set-off Defences and Counterclaims
- c. Contracts Between the Same Parties Regulating a Single Transaction
- 7. The Assignment of the Arbitration Agreement
- 8. The Termination of the Arbitration Agreement
- CHAPTER 4 The Arbitral Tribunal
- A. The Application of Italian Law with Regard to the Constitution and Functioning of the Arbitral Tribunal
- B. The Composition of the Arbitral Tribunal
- 1. Personal Qualities of the Arbitrators
- a. Legal Capacity
- b. Independence and Impartiality
- c. Other Requirements
- 2. The Odd Number of Members of the Arbitral Tribunal
- 3. The Parties' Equality in the Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
- 4. Multi-Party Arbitrations
- 5. Company Law Arbitration
- 6. The Failure of the Arbitration Agreement to Indicate the Number of Arbitrators
- C. The Appointment of the Arbitrators
- 1. The Parties' Appointment
- 2. The Judicial Appointment
- a. The Grounds
- b. The Procedure
- 3. The Institutional Appointment
- D. The Replacement of an Arbitrator
- 1. The Grounds
- 2. The Procedure
- 3. The Effects
- E. The Removal from Office of an Arbitrator
- 1. The Grounds
- 2. The Procedure
- 3. The Effects
- F. The Challenge of an Arbitrator
- 1. The Grounds
- a. The Arbitrator's Lack of Agreed Qualifications
- b. The Arbitrator or an Entity Managed by Her Having an Interest in the Outcome of the Dispute
- c. The Arbitrator Being a Relative or Having Other Strong Personal Links with a Party, Its Legal Representative or Its Counsel
- d. The Arbitrator or Her Spouse Having Proceedings Pending Against, or a Serious Enmity with, a Party, Its Legal Representative or Its Counsel
- e. The Arbitrator Entertaining with a Party, Its Legal Representative, Its Counsel or Any Related Entity Contractual or Other Relationships Affecting Her Independence, or Being a Party's Tutor or Guardian
- f. The Arbitrator Having Acted as Counsel, Consultant or Witness in Prior Phases of the Dispute
- 2. The Procedure
- 3. The Effects
- 4. The Interplay Between Challenges Before Arbitral Institutions and Italian Court Proceedings
- 5. Other Remedies Available to the Parties in Case the Arbitrators Lack Independence, Impartiality or Other Agreed Personal Requirements
- G. The Legal Status of Arbitrators
- 1. The Arbitration Contract
- 2. The Arbitrator's Rights
- 3. The Arbitrator's Obligations
- 4. The Arbitrator's Immunity
- CHAPTER 5 The Arbitral Proceedings
- A. Italian Law as the Law Governing the Proceedings
- B. The Power of the Parties and of the Arbitral Tribunal to Determine the Rules Applicable to the Proceedings
- 1. The Allocation of Power Between the Parties and the Arbitral Tribunal
- 2. Limits to the Power of the Parties and the Arbitral Tribunal
- C. Procedural Rules Applicable by Default
- 1. Determination of the Seat of the Arbitration in Relation to Arbitration-Related Court Proceedings
- 2. Parties' Representation in the Arbitral Proceedings
- 3. Filing the Request for Arbitration
- 4. Parties' Failure to Appear
- 5. Evidentiary Phase
- a. Document Production
- b. Witnesses
- c. Arbitral Tribunal-Appointed Experts
- d. Inspections
- e. Other Means of Evidence
- 6. Bifurcation of the Proceedings
- D. Intervention and Joinder of Third Parties
- 1. General Principles
- 2. Intervention and Joinder of Third Parties Bound by the Arbitration Agreement
- 3. Intervention and Joinder of Third Parties Not Bound by the Arbitration Agreement
- 4. Intervention Ad Adiuvandum
- 5. Intervention and Joinder of a Third Party Who Is a Litisconsorte Necessario
- 6. Intervention and Joinder of a Third Party under Institutional Rules
- E. Succession of a Party to the Disputed Right
- 1. Universal Succession
- 2. Succession in Case of a Party's Insolvency
- 3. Succession by Assignment
- F. Consolidation of Different Arbitral Proceedings
- G. Stay of the Arbitral Proceedings
- 1. Grounds for Mandatory Stay
- 2. Grounds for Discretionary Stay
- 3. Procedure
- CHAPTER 6 Provisional Measures
- A. Provisional Measures under Italian Law and Arbitration
- B. Provisional Measures Granted by Courts
- C. Provisional Measures Granted by the Arbitral Tribunal
- 1. The Arbitral Tribunal's 'Lack of Power' to Grant Enforceable Provisional Measures
- 2. The Arbitral Tribunal's Power to Suspend the Effects of Shareholders' Meetings' Resolutions in the Context of Company Law Arbitrations
- 3. The Arbitral Tribunal's Power to Grant Provisional Measures under Institutional Rules
- D. Recognition and Enforcement of Non-domestic Provisional Measures
- 1. Provisional Measures Granted by Arbitral Tribunals Seated Abroad
- 2. Provisional Measures Granted by Foreign Courts
- CHAPTER 7 The Law Applicable to the Merits
- A. 'Law' as Legge, Diritto, or Ordinamento and Italian Arbitration Law
- B. The Determination of the Law Applicable to the Merits
- 1. The Resolution of Conflict-of-Law Issues
- 2. Party Autonomy as to the Choice of the Applicable Law
- a. The Parties' Express, Implied or Presumed Choice
- b. The Parties' Choice of Non-State Rules
- 3. Limits to the Determination of the Applicable Law by the Parties or the Arbitral Tribunal
- a. Simple Mandatory Rules
- b. Overriding Mandatory Rules
- c. Fraude à la Loi
- C. The Determination of the Contents, the Application and the Interpretation of the Applicable Law
- 1. Determining the Contents of the Applicable Law
- 2. Applying and Interpreting Foreign Law
- D. The Adjudication Ex Aequo et Bono
- 1. Different Notions of 'Ex Aequo et Bono' Adjudication
- 2. Form, Timing and Effects of the Parties' Agreement to an Adjudication 'Ex Aequo et Bono'
- 3. Limits to the Adjudication 'Ex Aequo et Bono'
- E. Remedies
- CHAPTER 8 Costs of the Arbitration
- A. Italian Law as the Law Governing the Quantification, Apportionment and Collection of the Arbitration Costs
- B. The Quantification of the Arbitrators' Fees and Expenses
- C. The Apportionment of the Arbitration Costs Between the Parties
- D. The Collection of the Arbitration Costs
- E. The Advance on the Expenses
- F. Security for Costs
- G. Tax Issues
- CHAPTER 9 The Arbitral Award
- A. The Principle of Award-Judgment Equivalence
- 1. The Res Judicata Effect
- 2. The Award as Title for Enforcement
- 3. Effects of the Award on Third Parties
- B. Different Categories of Awards
- 1. Interim Awards
- 2. Partial Awards
- 3. Final Awards
- 4. Other Types of Award
- C. The Making of the Award and Its Requirements
- 1. The Deliberation
- 2. Requirements under Sanction of Nullity
- a. The Summary Exposition of the Reasons
- b. The Dispositive Part
- c. The Signatures of the Arbitrators
- d. The Timely Rendering of the Award
- i. The Determination of the Deadline
- ii. The Postponement of the Deadline
- iii. The Suspension of the Deadline
- iv. Effects of the Failure to Respect the Deadline
- 3. Missing Information Which Can Be Remedied Through Correction
- a. The Names of the Arbitrators
- b. The Seat of the Arbitration
- c. The Names of the Parties
- d. The Arbitration Agreement
- e. The Relief Sought
- 4. The Requirement That the Award Must Indicate the Date of the Arbitrators' Signatures
- 5. Further Requirements Set Out by the Parties
- D. The Communication of the Award to the Parties
- E. The Exequatur
- 1. Competent Court
- 2. Procedure
- 3. Means of Appeal
- 4. Waiver
- F. Correction of the Award
- 1. Corrections by the Arbitral Tribunal
- 2. Corrections by the Competent Court
- G. Interpretation of the Award
- CHAPTER 10 Challenges of Arbitral Awards
- A. The Supervisory Jurisdiction of Italian Courts on Arbitral Awards
- B. Means of Challenge of Arbitral Awards
- C. Waiver of the Remedies Against Arbitral Awards
- D. Annulment of Arbitral Awards
- 1. Grounds for Annulment
- a. Arbitral Tribunal's Lack of Jurisdiction
- b. Arbitral Proceedings Affected by Breach of Contradictoire
- c. Award Being Ultra Compromissum, Wrongly Proceeding with a Ruling on the Merits, Wrongly Declining to Rule on the Merits, or Being Ultra or Infra Petita
- d. Irregular Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal, Incapacity of the Arbitrators and Failure to Comply with Procedural Rules Agreed by the Parties under Sanction of Nullity
- e. Award Not Having Been Rendered by the Applicable Deadline
- f. Award Lacking Reasons, the Dispositive Part and the Arbitrators' Signatures, or Being Affected by Contradictions in the Dispositive Part
- g. Award Being Contrary to Another Res Judicata Award or Judgment
- h. Award Being Affected by Errors in Law
- i. Award Being Contrary to Public Policy
- 2. Competent Court
- 3. Time Limits
- 4. Procedure
- 5. Consequences of the Annulment
- 6. The Suspension of the Effects of the Award
- E. Revocation of Arbitral Awards
- F. Third-Party's Opposition to Arbitral Awards
- CHAPTER 11 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
- A. Sources of Law Applicable to the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards in Italy
- 1. The Notion of 'Arbitral Award' under the New York Convention
- 2. The 'Foreign' Character of an Award under the New York Convention
- 3. The Kind of Dispute Falling Within the Scope of the New York Convention
- B. The Procedure
- 1. The Ex Parte Phase
- a. Standing and Time Limits
- b. Competent Court
- c. The Application
- d. Checks Carried Out by the President of the Court of Appeal
- i. Formal Regularity of the Award
- ii. Subject-Matter Arbitrability
- iii. Award Not Being Contrary to Public Policy
- 2. Content and Effects of the Exequatur Decree
- C. The Opposition Phase
- 1. Standing and Time Limits
- 2. Competent Court
- 3. Procedure
- 4. Whether the Refusal of Recognition Is Mandatory or Discretionary
- 5. Grounds for Refusing the Recognition and Enforcement
- a. Incapacity of the Parties or Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement
- b. Breach of Contradictoire
- c. Award Being Ultra Compromissum or Ultra Petita
- d. Irregular Formation of the Arbitral Tribunal and Failure to Comply with Procedural Rules
- e. Award Being Not Yet Binding on the Parties or Having Been Set Aside or Suspended
- f. Award Having Settled a Dispute Which Lacks Subject-Matter Arbitrability According to the Lex Fori
- g. Award Being Contrary to the Public Policy of the Lex Fori
- D. Provisional Measures
- E. State Sovereign Immunity
- CHAPTER 12 Italian Law and Investment Arbitration
- A. Italy as a Party to Investment Protection Treaties
- B. Sources of Investment Arbitration Law
- C. Arbitral Jurisdiction over Investor-State Disputes
- 1. The 'Offer to Arbitrate'
- 2. Jurisdictional Limits Ratione Materiae
- 3. Jurisdictional Limits Ratione Subjecti
- 4. Jurisdictional Limits Ratione Temporis
- 5. Jurisdictional Limits Ratione Loci
- 6. Conditions of Admissibility
- a. Prior Exhaustion of Local Remedies
- b. 'Cooling-off' Periods
- c. 'Fork-in-the-Road' and Waiver to Other Remedies
- D. Standards for the Protection of the Investor
- 1. Right to Invest
- 2. Right to Compensation in Case of Expropriation
- 3. Fair and Equitable Treatment
- 4. Full Protection and Security
- 5. Non-discrimination
- 6. Continuity of Legal Treatment
- 7. Other Undertakings
- Appendices
- Appendix I: Main Provisions of Italian Law on Arbitration
- Appendix II: Rules of Arbitration of the Milan Chamber of Arbitration
- Appendix III List of Bilateral Investment Protection Treaties in Force Between Italy and Other Countries
- Index(by main legal provisions)
- Index
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