Multimedia Networks
Beschreibung
Weitere Details
Weitere Ausgaben
Personen
Hans W. Barz, Retired - former Lecturer at Swiss Technical University (ETH) Zürich & Head of Networking Services at Hoffman La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. Barz has worked in computer networking since the 1980's, teaching in multiple universities and applying the technology broadly in large company networks with over 60.000 employees worldwide. In the 1990's he published - in German - a book on networking based on lectures he provided at three universities (Freiburg, Basel, Zürich). From 2002 he headed a global network organization in a multinational company which applied multimedia networking globally. He ran (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) a course at the Swiss Technical University (Electro Technical Department, ETH, Zürich) on the subject of this book for graduate and PhD students, much of the material providing the basis of the book.
Gregory A. Bassett, Owner - Coral Consulting GmbH, Riehen & former Senior Enterprise Architect at Hoffmann La Roche, Basel, Switzerland. With dual USA/Swiss nationality, Bassett is a highly experience network and computer engineering, with extensive experience working in a range of environments throughout North & South America, Europe and Japan. He successfully created and maintained many sections of Roche's Enterprise Architecture including networking, identity, voice, messaging, video and mobility. Now running his own consultancy business in Switzerland.
Inhalt
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
About the Authors xv
Abbreviations xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Types of Networks 2
1.1.1 Internet 2
1.1.2 Telecommunication Provider Networks 2
1.1.3 Company Networks 3
1.1.4 University Networks 3
1.1.5 Home Networks 3
1.1.6 Overview 4
1.2 Standard Organizations 4
1.3 Market 5
2 Requirements 7
2.1 Telephony 7
2.2 Streaming 10
2.3 IPTV 11
2.4 High-End Videoconferences 12
2.5 Webcast 15
2.6 Requirement Summary 16
3 Audio, Image, Video Coding, and Transmission 19
3.1 Audio 19
3.1.1 Companding 21
3.1.2 Differential Quantization 23
3.1.3 Vocoders 26
3.2 Basics of Video Coding 30
3.2.1 Simple Compression 34
3.2.2 Motion Estimation 35
3.2.3 Statistical Compression 36
3.2.4 Transform Functions 40
3.3 JPEG 43
3.4 MPEG/H.26x Video Compression 45
3.4.1 MPEG Data Streams 47
3.4.2 H.261 49
3.4.3 MPEG-4 52
3.4.4 H.264 52
3.4.5 Scalable Video Codec 58
3.4.6 H.265 59
3.5 Other Video Compression Standards 62
3.6 Three-Dimensional Video 64
3.7 Error Resilience 66
3.8 Transcoder 68
4 Underlying Network Functions 71
4.1 Real-Time Protocol (RTP) 71
4.1.1 Elements of RTP 73
4.1.2 Details of RTP 73
4.1.3 RTP Payload 74
4.1.4 Details of RTCP 79
4.2 Session Description Protocol (SDP) 86
4.2.1 SDP Overview 86
4.2.2 Extending SDP 89
4.2.3 Javascript Session Establishment Protocol (JSEP) 89
4.3 Streaming 90
4.3.1 Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) 90
4.4 Multicast 96
4.4.1 Multicast Overview 96
4.4.2 Multicast Addressing 97
4.4.3 Types of Multicast 98
4.4.4 Multicast End Delivery 99
4.4.5 Multicast Routing Protocols 102
4.4.6 Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode 103
4.4.7 Application Layer Multicast 107
4.5 Quality of Service 108
4.5.1 Integrated Services (Intserv) 109
4.5.2 Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) 110
4.5.3 Differentiated Services (DiffServ) 111
4.5.4 QoS on the LAN 116
4.5.5 QoS in the Real World 117
4.6 NTP 118
4.7 Caching 120
4.7.1 Caching Elements 120
4.7.2 Web Cache Communications Protocol (WCCP) 122
4.7.3 Content Delivery Networks 122
4.7.4 Use of Cache Servers in Private Networks 123
5 Synchronization and Adaptation 125
5.1 End-to-End Model 125
5.2 Jitter 128
5.3 Packet Loss 129
5.4 Play-Out Time 130
5.4.1 Hypothetical Decoder 131
5.4.2 Multiple Streams 132
5.4.3 Adaptive Play-Out 133
5.5 Congestion Control 133
5.6 Delay 135
5.7 Queuing 138
5.8 Media Player 140
5.9 Storage and Retrieval 141
5.10 Integration Scripting Languages 143
5.11 Optimization 144
6 Session Initiation Protocol 147
6.1 SIP Basics 148
6.1.1 First Steps with SIP 148
6.1.2 SIP Servers 152
6.1.3 More SIP Methods 156
6.2 PSTN Interconnection 158
6.3 Conferencing 161
6.4 Presence 166
6.5 Network Address Translation 169
6.6 APIs and Scripting 172
6.7 Security and Safety 172
6.8 Planning a VoIP Company Telephony System 175
6.8.1 Dial Plan 177
6.8.2 Emergency 178
6.8.3 VoIP Network Planning 179
7 Other Standard VoIP Protocols 183
7.1 H.323 VoIP Family 183
7.1.1 H.225 185
7.1.2 H.245 189
7.1.3 Comparing SIP and H.323 191
7.2 T.120 Data Applications 192
7.3 Gateway Control 194
7.3.1 H.248 195
7.3.2 Signal Control 198
7.4 Mobile VoIP 202
7.4.1 IP Multimedia Subsystem 202
7.4.2 VoLTE 208
7.5 Skype 211
8 WebRTC 213
8.1 WebRTC Transport 215
8.1.1 ICE Revisited 217
8.2 RTP/SDP Adaptations 219
8.3 Interworking 220
9 Streaming and Over-the-Top TV 223
9.1 HTTP Live Streaming - Apple 224
9.2 Smooth Streaming - Microsoft 226
9.3 HTTP Dynamic Streaming - Adobe 227
9.4 Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP - DASH 229
9.4.1 History of MPEG-DASH 229
9.4.2 Description of MPEG-DASH 229
9.5 DASH and Network Interaction 233
9.5.1 Player Reaction to Network Conditions 234
9.5.2 Fairness, Efficiency, and Stability 234
9.5.3 Bufferbloat 235
9.6 Content Delivery Networks 237
9.6.1 CDN Technology 237
9.6.2 Akamai 240
9.6.3 The Future of CDNs 240
9.7 Providers 242
9.7.1 Amazon Instant Video 242
9.7.2 YouTube 242
9.7.3 Netflix 243
9.7.4 Hulu 243
9.7.5 Common Issues for all Providers 244
10 Home Networks 245
10.1 IETF Home Standards 246
10.1.1 IP Address Assignment 247
10.1.2 Name Resolution 247
10.1.3 Service Discovery - Zeroconf and Others 249
10.1.4 Zeroconf Implementations 251
10.2 UPnP 251
10.2.1 Service Discovery - UPnP 253
10.2.2 AV Architecture and its Elements 254
10.3 DLNA 260
10.4 Residential Gateway 261
10.4.1 IMS Integration 262
10.4.2 Network Separation 262
11 High-End IPTV 265
11.1 Overview of DVB IPTV 266
11.2 Live Media Broadcast 268
11.2.1 Retransmission 268
11.2.2 Channel Switch 271
11.3 Datacast Protocols 274
11.3.1 Flute 274
11.3.2 DVB SD&S Transport Protocol 276
11.3.3 Digital Storage Media - Command and Control 278
11.4 Management Functions 279
11.4.1 Service Discovery and Selection 279
11.4.2 Broadband Content Guide 280
11.4.3 Remote and Firmware Management 280
11.5 Content Download Service 282
11.6 Deployments 283
11.7 Companion Screen Application 285
11.8 Set-Top-Box Functions 288
11.9 Integration into Other Systems 289
11.9.1 IPTV and IMS 289
11.9.2 IPTV and IMS and WebRTC 290
11.9.3 IPTV and Home Network 290
12 Solutions and Summary 291
12.1 Global Webcast 291
12.2 Digital Signage Broadcasting 295
12.3 Call Center 297
12.3.1 Functional Components 297
12.3.2 Technical Components 299
12.4 Videoconference and TelePresence 303
12.4.1 Cisco's Telepresence 305
12.4.2 Cisco's Telepresence Transport Specifics 306
12.4.3 Cisco's Telepresence Network Setup 308
12.5 Summary of Requirements versus Solutions 310
References 313
Index 345
