The Production of Biodiesel and Related Fuel Additives

Name: The Production of Biodiesel and Related Fuel Additives
Brand: Bentham Science Publishers
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Pratibha S. Agrawal Samuel L. Rokhum C. Vanlalveni(Herausgeber*in)

Bentham Science Publishers

1. Auflage

Erschienen am 4. Juli 2024

420 Seiten

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978-981-5196-74-0 (ISBN)

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Inhalt

Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Preface
List of Contributors
Biodiesel and Related Fuel Additives: A Brief History
Supongsenla Ao1 and Samuel L. Rokhum1,*
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of Biodiesel and Related Fuel Additives
1.1.1. Biodiesel
1.1.2. Fuel Additives
1.2. State of the Art in Biofuel Production
2. CATALYTIC BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
2.1. Homogenous Catalyst
2.2. Heterogeneous Catalyst
3. FUEL ADDITIVES
3.1. Solketal
3.2. Glycerol carbonate
4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
Production of Biodiesel from Soybean Oil
Sujata Brahma1, Siri Fung Basumatary1, Bidangshri Basumatary1, Uma Devi Newar2 and Sanjay Basumatary1,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CATALYSTS UTILIZED FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SOYBEAN OIL
2.1. Homogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Production
2.2. Heterogeneous Catalyst in Soybean Oil Biodiesel Production
2.3. Enzyme-catalyzed Biodiesel Production from Soybean Oil
3. COMPARISON OF CATALYSTS USED IN SOYBEAN OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
4. PROPERTIES OF SOYBEAN OIL BIODIESEL
5. DIFFERENT REACTORS USED IN SOYBEAN OIL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
6. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Production of Biodiesel from Palm (Arecaceae) Oil
Deepika Brijpuriya1,* and Pratibha Agrawal1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Biodiesel Generation Route
1.2. Properties of Biodiesel
2. CRUDE MATERIALS FOR THE GENERATION OF BIODIESEL
2.1. Parameter Impacts for the Generation of Biodiesel
2.2. Types of Crude Materials
3. ARECACEAE OIL AS AN ESSENTIAL SOURCE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
3.1. Historic Viewpoint
3.2. Advantages and Characteristics of Biodiesel from Arecaceae Oil
4. APPLICATIONS OF ARECACEAE BIODIESEL
4.1. Natural Effect
4.2. Social Aspect
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha curcas Oil
Ramón Piloto-Rodríguez1,*, Yosvany Díaz-Domínguez1, Indira Tobío-Pérez1, Marianela Ortiz-Alvarez1 and Jesús Suárez Hernández2
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Main Characteristics of Jatropha curcas L. Variability and its Influence on Biofuel Properties
1.2. Harvesting the Jatropha System
2. JATROPHA CURCAS OIL
2.1. Physical and Chemical Characteristics
2.2. Extraction Methods of Jatropha Oil
2.3. Supercritical CO2 Extraction
2.4. Subcritical Fluid Extraction
2.5. Ultrasound-assisted Solvent Extraction
2.6. Microwave-assisted Oil Extraction
2.7. Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction
3. PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA CURCAS OIL
3.1. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
3.2. Glycerolysis
3.3. Upstream and Downstream Processes
3.3.1. Sedimentation
3.4. Characteristics of the Final Product
Blends and Additives
3.4.1. Specifications Associated with the Raw Material
3.4.2. Specifications Associated with the Transesterification Reaction
3.4.3. Specifications Related to the Properties of Fatty Acid Esters
3.4.4. Fuel Storage
3.5. Potential Use of By-products in a Circular Economy of Biodiesel Production
4. CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES AND RECENT ADVANCES IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM JATROPHA CURCAS
4.1. Lipases
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Recent Advancements in Catalytic Thermo- chemical Conversions of Biomass into Biofuels: A Comprehensive Review
Shubhajit Halder1,*, Doyel Bhattacharya2 and Ashish Kumar Jha3
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CLASSIFICATION OF BIOFUELS
2.1. Based on the Physical State
2.1.1. Solid State Biofuels
2.1.2. Utilization and Development of Liquid Biofuels
2.1.3. Gaseous State Biofuels
2.2. Based on Technological Development
2.2.1. Traditional Biofuels
2.2.2. Contemporary Biofuels
2.2.3. Based on Feedstock Generation
3. TECHNOLOGIES FOR CONVERTING BIOFUELS
3.1. Conversion Technology for Biofuels of First-generation
3.1.1. Transesterification Techniques for the Generation of Biodiesel
3.1.2. Ethanol Conversion Procedures
3.1.3. Processes for Producing Biogas
3.2. Conversion Technology for Second-generation Biofuels
3.3. Technology for Third-generation Biofuel Conversion
4. CONVENTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOMASS TO BIOFUEL CONVERSION
4.1. Gasification
4.2. Liquefaction
4.2.1. Hydrothermal Liquefaction
4.2.2. Catalytic Liquefaction
5. APPLICATION OF NANO-CATALYSTS IN BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Algal Biocrude as Drop-In Feedstock for Green Fuel and Green Chemicals
Ramesh Bhujade1,* and Pratibha S. Agrawal2
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ALGAL OIL - PROCESS OVERVIEW
3. ALGAL BIOLOGY
4. CULTIVATION
5. CO2 MANAGEMENT
6. HARVESTING AND DEWATERING OF ALGAE
7. LIPID EXTRACTION
8. HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSING OF WHOLE ALGAE
8.1. Water Chemistry
8.2. Hydrothermal Liquefaction
8.3. Current State of HTL Technology
9. ALGAL BIOREFINERY APPROACH FOR BIOFUEL AND BIOCHEMICALS
10. CHALLENGES IN ALGAL TECHNOLOGY COMMERCIALIZATION
11. SUMMARY
REFERENCES
Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis in Biodiesel Production
Mamta S. Wagh1,* and Pratibha S. Agrawal2
1. INTRODUCTION: ABOUT ENERGY CONSUMPTION
2. BIODIESEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL
3. TRANSESTERIFICATION OF BIODIESEL
4. CATALYSTS FOR PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL
4.1. Homogeneous Base Catalyzed Transesterification
4.2. Homogeneous Acid Catalyzed Transesterification
4.3. Two-Step Homogeneous Acid and Base-Catalyzed Transesterification
4.4. Base-catalyzed Transesterification Carried out in Heterogeneously
4.5. Heterogeneous Acid Catalyzed Reaction
5. SOLID ACID CATALYSTS (SACS)
5.1. Using Zeolites and Zeolite-like Substances
5.2. Modified Clay Materials
5.3. Functionalized Metal Oxides
5.3.1. Sulphated Metal Oxides
5.3.2. Metal Oxide Loaded on Silica
5.4. Ion Exchange Resins
5.5. Some Other Catalysts
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Biodiesel and Related Fuel Additives
Chandrashekhar Pandhurnekar1,*, Himani Pandhurnekar2 and Babita Yadao2
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Basics of Green Chemistry
1.2. Microwave Technology: Fundamentals, Advantages of Microwave-assisted Synthesis
2. BIO-FUELS FROM ORGANIC SOURCES
3. MICROWAVE-ASSISTED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
3.1. Biodiesel Production
3.2. Microwave-Assisted Methods
3.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuels
4. FUEL ADDITIVES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Ultrasound Assisted Biodiesel Production
Ramón Piloto-Rodríguez1,* and Yosvany Diaz Dominguez1
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ULTRASOUNDS AND CAVITATION
3. ULTRASOUND PARAMETERS
4. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
5. HOMOGENEOUS ULTRASOUND ASSISTED TRANSESTERIFI- CATION
6. HETEROGENEOUS BASE ULTRASOUND ASSISTED TRANSES- TERIFICATION
7. ENZYMATIC CATALYZED ULTRASOUND ASSISTED TRANSES- TERIFICATION
8. ULTRASONIC REACTORS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM VEGETABLE OILS
9. ULTRASOUNDS COMBINED WITH MICROWAVE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel - A Review
Shilpa Pande1,* and Shekhar Gahane1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Definition
1.2. Historic Background
1.3. Working Princliple
1.4. Environmental Problems for Disposing Cooking Oil
2. TYPES OF COOKING OIL
2.1. Palm Oil
2.1.1. Plant Features
2.1.2. Pests
2.2. Rapeseed Oil
2.2.1. Characteristics of Plant
2.2.2. Pests
2.3. Sunflower Oil
2.3.1. Features of Plant
2.3.2. Pests
3. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION PROCESS
3.1. Raw Materials
3.1.1. Alcohol
3.1.2. Catalysts
3.1.3. Waste Cooking Oil
4. BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM USED COOKING OILS
4.1. Experimental Design
5. PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS OF ENGINE
5.1. Experimental Development at the Laboratory Level
6. ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
6.1. Result and Analysis
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Waste-Derived Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Joseph V.L. Ruatpuia1, Gopinath Halder2 and Samuel L. Rokhum1,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. A SUMMARIZATION OF BIODIESEL (FAME) PRODUCTION
3. DIFFICULTIES WITH EXISTING BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CURRENT CATALYSTS
4. BIOMASS WASTE-DERIVED HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
4.1. Acid Catalyst Derived from Biomass Waste
4.2. Basic Catalysts Derived from Biomass Waste
4.3. Magnetic Catalysts Derived from Biomass Waste
4.4. Bi-functional Catalysts Derived from Biomass Waste
5. GENERAL CATALYST CHARACTERIZATION
6. FUTURE PROSPECT AND CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Synthesis of Solketal: A Potent Fuel Additive from A Glycerol, A By-Product of Biodiesel Industries
Pratibha S. Agrawal1,* and Richa Tiwari1
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOLKETAL PRODUCTION PROCESS
2.1. The Batch Process
2.2. The Continuous Process
3. REACTOR LAYOUT
3.1. Fixed Bed Reactor
3.2. Capillary Microreactor
3.3. Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor
3.4. Microwave Reactor
3.5. Reactive Distillation
3.6. Membrane Reactor
3.7. Adsorptive Reactor
4. CATALYST LAYOUT
4.1. Homogeneous Catalyst
4.2. Zeolites
4.3. Ion Exchange Resins
4.4. Clays
4.5. Metal Oxides
4.6. Sulphonated Carbon
5. MECHANISM OF THE REACTION
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE OUTLOOK
REFERENCES
Catalytic Production of Biodiesel via Simultaneous Esterification and Transesterification
Jiasheng Chen1, Ye Meng1, Jinshu Huang1 and Hu Li1,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SOLID ACID CATALYSTS
2.1. Mixed Metal Oxides
2.2. Sulfonic-based Solid Acids
2.3. Functional Polymers
2.4. Acidic Montmorillonite
2.5. Heteropolyacids
2.6. Acid-base Oxides
2.7. Acid-base Hybrids
2.8. Bi-functionalized Oxides
2.9. Bi-functional Acidic Ionic Liquids
2.10. Bi-functional Heteropolyacids
CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK
REFERENCES:
Subject Index
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