GENERAL THORACIC SURGERY General Aspects 1. ThoracoscopyA Historical Perspective 2. Preoperative Assessment for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) 3. Room Setup and Instrumentation 4. Anesthesia for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) Strategic Planning for Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Ethical Aspects of Introducing New Surgical Technology Pleural Diseases 7. Diagnostic Thoracoscopy for Pleural Disease 8. Empyema and Hemothorax 9. Chylothorax 10. Malignant Pleural Effusion Parenchymal Lung Diseases 11. Spontaneous Pneumothorax 12. Interstitial Lung Diseases 13. Thoracoscopic Lung Volume Reduction for End-Stage Emphysema 14. Pleuropulmonary Tuberculosis 15. Localization of Pulmonary Nodules 16 Wedge Resection 17 Anatomic Lung Resection 18 Thoracoscopic Lobectomy with Mediastinal Lymph Node Dissection or Sampling 19 The Immune Response to Surgery: Conventional and VATS Lobectomy 20 Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgical Non-Rib-Spreading Simultaneously Stapled Lobectomy 21 Resection for Pulmonary Metastases The Mediastinum 22 Videomediastinoscopy 23 Diagnostic Thoracoscopy for Mediastinal Masses 24 Thoracoscopic Staging for Intrathoracic Malignancy 25 Mediastinal Cysts 26 Transcervical Approach to the Thymus 27 Partial Sternotomy Approach to the Thymus 28 Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis 29 Posterior Mediastinal Masses 30 Thoracoscopic Thoracic Sympathetectomy 31 Laparoscopic Antireflux Surgery 32 Achalasia 33 Esophageal Leiomyoma, Diverticulum, and Duplication Cyst 34 Thoracoscopic Esophagectomy With Extended Mediastinal Lymphadenectomy for Cancer 35 Minimal Access Approach to Esophagectomy Miscellaneous Thoracoscopic Procedures 36 Anesthetic Considerations for Pediatric Thoracoscopic Procedures 37 Pediatric Minimal Access Cardiothoracic Surgery 38 The Diaphragm 39 Chest Trauma 40 Spinal Deformities 41 Thoracic First Rib Resection for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome 42 Thoracoscopic Treatment of Hydatid Cysts of the Lung 43 Complications and Pitfalls in Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery 44 Cost-Containment Strategies 45 Endoscopic Fetal Surgery Endoscopy and Imaging 46 Interventional Bronchoscopy 47 Interventional Esophagoscopy 48 Interventional Radiology in the Chest Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 49 Pioneering Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery: A Historical Perspective 50 Patient Selection for Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass 51 Preoperative Assessment for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery 52 Anesthetic Considerations for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery 53 Echocardiography in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery 54 Alternative Incisions for Cardiac Surgery 55 Instrumentation for Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery 56 Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass 57 The H-Graft MIDCAB 58 Combined Minimally Invasive Artery Bypass with AngioplastyAn Integrated Approach 59 Off-Pump Coronary Artery Surgery 60 Myocardial Function and Metabolism During Beating Heart Coronary Revascularization 61 Cytokine Response to Off-Pump CABG 62 Pharmacologic and Mechanical Stabilization During Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Surgery 63 Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Using the Octopus Device 64 Limited Incision Coronary Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass Support 65 Ministernotomy for Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery 66 Port Access Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 67 Hemopump: An Alternative to Cardiopulmonary Bypass for Coronary Surgery 68 Reoperative Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass (MIDCAB) Coronary Grafting 69 Quality Assessment in Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting 70 Quality of Life Assessment in Minimally Invasive Coronary Surgery Heart Valve Surgery 71 Minimally Invasive Heart Valve Surgery, the Cleveland Experience 72 Video Assisted Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery 73 Port-Access Heart Valve Surgery Miscellaneous Cardiac Procedures 74 Minimally Invasive Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects 75 Minimal Access Surgery for Patent Ductus Arteriosus 76 Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization 77 Minimally Invasive Saphenous Vein Harvesting 78 Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pericardial Disease Future Technologies 79 Robotic Surgery 80 Alternative Techniques for Vascular Anastomoses 81 Therapeutic Angiogenesis 82 Future Directions in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery Future Technologies for Surgical Applications
