Part 1: Density Functional for the Kinetic Energy and Its Applications in Orbital-Free DFT Simulations: From the Hohenberg-Kohn Theory to the Kohn-Sham Equations (Y A Wang & P Xiang); Accurate Computation of the Non-Interacting Kinetic Energy from Electron Densities (F A Bulat & W Yang); The Single-Particle Kinetic Energy of Many-Fermion Systems: Transcending the Thomas-Fermi plus Von Weizsacker Method (G G N Angilella & N H March); An Orbital Free ab initio Method: Applications to Liquid Metals and Clusters (A Aguado, D J Gonzalez, L E Gonzalez, J M Lopez, S Nunez & M J Stott); Electronic Structure Calculations at Macroscopic Scales Using Orbital-Free DFT (B G Radhakrishnan & V Gavini); Properties of Hot and Dense Matter by Orbital-Free Molecular Dynamics (F Lambert, J Clerouin, J-F Danel, L Kazandjian & S Mazevet); Shell-Correction and Orbital-Free Density-Functional Methods for Finite Systems (C Yannouleas & U Landman); Finite Element Approximations in Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory (H Chen & A Zhou); Part 2: The Functional for the Non-Additive Kinetic Energy and Its Applications in Numerical Simulations: Non-Additive Kinetic Energy and Potential in Analytically Solvable Systems and Their Approximated Counterparts (T A Wesolowski & A Savin); Towards the Description of Covalent Bonds in Subsystem Density-Functional Theory (Ch R Jacob & L Visscher); Orbital-Free Embedding Calculations of Electronic Spectra (J Neugebauer); On the Principal Difference Between the Exact and Approximate Frozen-Density Embedding Theory (O V Gritsenko); Part 3: Kinetic Energy Functional and Information Theory: Analytic Approach and Monte Carlo Sampling for Electron Correlations (L M Ghiringhelli & L Delle Site); Kinetic Energy and Fisher Information (A Nagy); Quantum Fluctuations, Dequantization, Information Theory and Kinetic-Energy Functionals (I P Hamilton, R A Mosna & L Delle Site); Part 4: Appendix: Semilocal Approximations for the Kinetic Energy (F Tran & T A Wesolowski).