Estoppel by Representation; Estoppel by Convention; Estoppel by Deed; Proprietary Estoppel and Acquiescence; Variation; Waiver; Election and Affirmation; The Doctrines Compared; Application to Specific Areas - Public Authorities, Insurance, Landlord and Tenant, Company and Insolvency, Agency, Employment, Banking, Intellectual Property, Sale of Land; Estoppel and the Law of Restitution; Procedure and Precedents.