In Hypo-Analytic Structures Franois Treves provides a systematic approach to the study of the differential structures on manifolds defined by systems of complex vector fields. Serving as his main examples are the elliptic complexes, among which the De Rham and Dolbeault are the best known, and the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operators. Basic geometric entities attached to those structures are isolated, such as maximally real submanifolds and orbits of the system. Treves discusses the existence, uniqueness, and approximation of local solutions to homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations and delimits their supports. The contents of this book consist of many results accumulated in the last decade by the author and his collaborators, but also include classical results, such as the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem. The reader will find an elementary description of the FBI transform, as well as examples of its use. Treves extends the main approximation and uniqueness results to first-order nonlinear equations by means of the Hamiltonian lift. Originally published in 1993.
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978-0-691-60670-5 (9780691606705)
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PrefaceIFormally and Locally Integrable Structures. Basic Definitions3I.1Involutive systems of linear PDE defined by complex vector fields. Formally and locally integrable structures5I.2The characteristic set. Partial classification of formally integrable structures11I.3Strongly noncharacteristic, totally real, and maximally real submanifolds16I.4Noncharacteristic and totally characteristic submanifolds23I.5Local representations27I.6The associated differential complex32I.7Local representations in locally integrable structures39I.8The Levi form in a formally integrable structure46I.9The Levi form in a locally integrable structure49I.10Characteristics in real and in analytic structures56I.11Orbits and leaves. Involutive structures of finite type63I.12A model case: Tube structures68IILocal Approximation and Representation in Locally Integrable Structures73II.1The coarse local embedding76II.2The approximation formula81II.3Consequences and generalizations86II.4Analytic vectors94II.5Local structure of distribution solutions and of L-closed currents100II.6The approximate Poincare lemma104II.7Approximation and local structure of solutions based on the fine local embedding108II.8Unique continuation of solutions115IIIHypo-Analytic Structures. Hypocomplex Manifolds120III.1Hypo-analytic structures121III.2Properties of hypo-analytic functions128III.3Submanifolds compatible with the hypo-analytic structure130III.4Unique continuation of solutions in a hypo-analytic manifold137III.5Hypocomplex manifolds. Basic properties145III.6Two-dimensional hypocomplex manifolds152Appendix to Section III.6: Some lemmas about first-order differential operators159III.7A class of hypocomplex CR manifolds162IVIntegrable Formal Structures. Normal Forms167IV.1Integrable formal structures168IV.2Hormander numbers, multiplicities, weights. Normal forms174IV.3Lemmas about weights and vector fields178IV.4Existence of basic vector fields of weight - 1185IV.5Existence of normal forms. Pluriharmonic free normal forms. Rigid structures191IV.6Leading parts198VInvolutive Structures with Boundary201V.1Involutive structures with boundary202V.2The associated differential complex. The boundary complex209V.3Locally integrable structures with boundary. The Mayer-Vietoris sequence219V.4Approximation of classical solutions in locally integrable structures with boundary226V.5Distribution solutions in a manifold with totally characteristic boundary228V.6Distribution solutions in a manifold with noncharacteristic boundary235V.7Example: Domains in complex space246VILocal Integrability and Local Solvability in Elliptic Structures252VI.1The Bochner-Martinelli formulas253VI.2Homotopy formulas for [actual symbol not reproducible] in convex and bounded domains258VI.3Estimating the sup norms of the homotopy operators264VI.4Holder estimates for the homotopy operators in concentric balls269VI.5The Newlander-Nirenberg theorem281VI.6End of the proof of the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem287VI.7Local integrability and local solvability of elliptic structures. Levi flat structures291VI.8Partial local group structures297VI.9Involutive structures with transverse group action. Rigid structures. Tube structures303VIIExamples of Nonintegrability and of Nonsolvability312VII.1Mizohata structures314VII.2Nonsolvability and nonintegrability when the signature of the Levi form is |n - 2|319VII.3Mizohata structures on two-dimensional manifolds324VII.4Nonintegrability and nonsolvability when the cotangent structure bundle has rank one330VII.5Nonintegrability and nonsolvability in Lewy structures. The three-dimensional case337VII.6Nonintegrability in Lewy structures. The higher-dimensional case343VII.7Example of a CR structure that is not locally integrable but is locally integrable on one side348VIIINecessary Conditions for the Vanishing of the Cohomology. Local Solvability of a Single Vector Field352VIII.1Preliminary necessary conditions for exactness354VIII.2Exactness of top-degree forms358VIII.3A necessary condition for local exactness based on the Levi form364VIII.4A result about structures whose characteristic set has rank at most equal to one367VIII.5Proof of Theorem VIII.4.1373VIII.6Applications of Theorem VII
