1. Apply, Ingest, Inject and Regret: Introduction to Performance and Image Enhancing Substances, 2. Power, Pleasure, Fat and Fit: Dietary and Nutritional Supplements as PIEDS, 3. Use, Abuse, Patterns and Profiles: Scale and Scope of PIEDS use in Sport, 4. Channels, Choices, Causes and Codes: The Impact of Culture, Values, and Ethnicity, 5. Thoughts, Functions, Brains and Boosters: Cognitive Enhancers as PIEDS, 6. Protein, Prohormones, Steroids and Stimulants: Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs and Substances Typology of Classes, 7. Givens, Gaps, Confidences and Cautions: Conclusion