The Chemistry and Technology of Magnesia

Preface Acknowledgments 1 History of Magnesia 1.1 History of Magnesia 2 Formation and Occurrence of Magnesite and Brucite 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Sedimentary Magnesite--Basis for Carbonate Deposition 2.3 Serpentine Alteration by Hydrothermal Processes 2.4 Cryptocrystalline Magnesite Formation by Infiltration 2.5 Crystalline Magnesite--Replacement of Limestone and Dolomite 2.6 Brucite 2.7 Worldwide Occurrence of Magnesite and Brucite 2.8 Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnesite 2.9 Chemical and Physical Properties of Brucite 3 Synthetic Magnesia 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Composition of Seawater and Brines 3.3 Process Description 3.4 Calcination 3.5 Grinding 3.6 Packaging 3.7 Sampling and Testing and In-Process Quality Control 3.8 Aman Process 3.9 General Properties of Synthetic Magnesia 4 Mining and Processing Magnesite 4.1 Mining Operations 4.2 Processing Magnesite 4.3 Gravity Concentration 4.4 Tertiary Crushing 4.5 Postcalcination Screening and Grinding 5 Calcination of Magnesium Hydroxide and Carbonate 5.1 Calcination of Magnesite 5.2 Calcination of Magnesium Hydroxide 6 Furnaces and Kilns 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Multiple-Hearth Furnaces 6.3 Horizontal Rotary Kilns 6.4 External Water Coolers 6.5 Shaft Kilns 7 Postcalcination Processing 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Grinding 8 Physical and Chemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Physical Properties of Magnesium Oxide 8.3 Chemical Properties of Magnesium Oxide 8.4 Surface Structures of MgO 8.5 Molecular Adsorption on MgO 9 Other Magnesia Products 9.1 Production of Hard-Burned Magnesia 9.2 Production of Dead-Burned Magnesia 9.3 Fused Magnesia 9.4 Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry 9.5 Purification by Carbonation of Magnesium Hydroxide Slurry 10 Water and Wastewater Applications for Magnesia Products 10.1 Introduction to Applications 10.2 Industrial Wastewater Treatment 10.3 Advantages of Magnesium Hydroxide in Wastewater Treatment 10.4 Adsorption of Dyes on Magnesium Hydroxide 10.5 Biological Wastewater Treatment 10.6 Bioflocculation and Solids Settling 10.7 Phosphorus Removal from Wastewater and Struvite Formation 10.8 Odor and Corrosion Control in Sanitary Collection Systems 10.9 Acid Mine Drainage 10.10 Silica Removal from Industrial Plant Water 11 Magnesia in Polymer Applications 11.1 Magnesium Hydroxide as a Flame Retardant for Polymer Applications 11.2 Flame-Retardant Mechanisms 11.3 Properties Required of Magnesium Hydroxide for Flame-Retardant Applications 11.4 Novel Applications for Magnesium Hydroxide as a Flame Retardant 11.5 Polymer Curing and Thickening 12 Environmental Applications 12.1 Flue Gas Desulfurization 12.2 Regenerative Process 12.3 Remediation Applications 12.4 Nuclear Waste Disposal 12.5 Hazardous Spill Cleanup 12.6 Antibacterial Activity of Magnesium Oxide Powder 12.7 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Brucite 13 Role of Magnesium in Animal, Plant, and Human Nutrition 13.1 Role of Magnesium in Plant Nutrition 13.2 Magnesium Fertilizers 13.3 Magnesium in Animal Nutrition 13.4 Magnesium in Human Health and Nutrition 14 Magnesium Salts and Magnesium Metal 14.1 Magnesium Acetate 14.2 Magnesium Alkyls 14.3 Magnesium Chloride 14.4 Magnesium Nitrate 14.5 Magnesium Sulfate 14.6 Magnesium Soaps 14.7 Magnesium Overbase Sulfonates 14.8 Magnesium Peroxide 14.9 Magnesium Metal Production 15 Pulp Applications 15.1 Sulfite Pulping 15.2 Magnefite Pulping Process 15.3 Pulp Bleaching 15.4 Deinking 16 Magnesia Cements 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Magnesium Oxychloride Cement 16.3 Magnesium Oxysulfate (MOS) Cement 16.4 Thermal Insulative and Fire Resistance Properties of Sorel Cement 16.5 Magnesium Phosphate Cement 17 Miscellaneous Magnesia Applications 17.1 Sugar Manufacture 17.2 Chrome Tanning of Leather 17.3 Magnesia as a Catalyst Support 17.4 Fuel Additives 17.5 Well-Drilling Fluids 17.6 Nanoparticulate Magnesia 17.7 Transformer Steel Coating Appendix Index.