Preface vii
Foreword ix
S E C T I O N 1 :
Foundations
1 Historical Perspectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
David F. Musto and Eric D. Wish
2 Epidemiology-The United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Charles Winick and Jack Levinson
3 Epidemiology-A European Perspective . . . . . . . . . . 26
Icro Maremmani, Matteo Pacini, Mercedes Lovrecic, and
Pier Paolo Pani
S E C T I O N 2 :
Determinants of Abuse and Dependence
4 Genetic Factors in the Risk for Substance
Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Thomas A. Nguyen, Jaimee L. Heffner, Show W. Lin, and
Robert M. Anthenelli
5 Neurobiological Factors of Drug Dependence
and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Heath D. Schmidt, Fair M. Vassoler, and R. Christopher Pierce
6 Psychological Factors (In Determinants of
Abuse and Dependence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Steven Shoptaw
7 Behavioral Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Kenneth Silverman, Anthony DeFulio, and Jeffery J. Everly
8 Sociocultural Factors and Their Implications . . . . . . 99
Nady el-Guebaly and Pedro Ruiz
S E C T I O N 3 :
Evaluation
9 Clinical Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
LaVerne Hanes Stevens and Michael L. Dennis
10 Diagnosis and Classification: DSM-IV-TR
and ICD-10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
George E. Woody and John Cacciola
11 Diagnostic Laboratory: Screening for
Drug Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Karl G. Verebey and Gerard Meenan
S E C T I O N 4 :
Substances of Abuse
12 Alcohol Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Carlos A. Hernandez-Avila and Henry R. Kranzler
13 Opioids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
David H. Epstein, Karran A. Phillips, and Kenzie L. Preston
14 Cocaine and Crack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Richard P. Paczynski and Mark S. Gold
15 Cannabis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Alan J. Budney, Ryan L. Vandrey, and Stephanie Fearer
16 Amphetamines and Other Stimulants . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Kevin P. Hill and Roger D. Weiss
17 Sedative-Hypnotics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Domenic A. Ciraulo and Clifford Knapp
18 Hallucinogens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
Robert N. Pechnick and Kathryn A. Cunningham
19 PCP/Designer Drugs/MDMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Una D. McCann
20 Inhalants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Charles W. Sharp, Matthew O. Howard, and Wynne K. Schiffer
21 Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Joy M. Schmitz and Angela L. Stotts
22 Caffeine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Laura M. Juliano, Britta L. Anderson, and Roland R. Griffiths
23 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
Laurence M. Westreich
S E C T I O N 5 :
Compulsive and Addictive Behaviors
24 Eating Disorders and Substance
Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
Harry A. Brandt, Steven F. Crawford, and
Katherine A. Halmi
25 Pathologic Gambling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Elise E. DeVito and Marc Potenza
26 Sexual Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
Virginia A. Sadock
27 Internet Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Philippe Weintraub, Thomas M. Dunn, Joel Yager,
and Zebulon Taintor
S E C T I O N 6 :
Treatment Approaches"
Part 1: Neurobiologic Treatments
28 Methadone Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Andrew J. Saxon and Karen Miotto
29 Buprenorphine in the Treatment of Opioid
Dependence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
D. Andrew Tompkins and Eric C. Strain
30 Naltrexone Pharmacotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
Emily Harrison and Ismene Petrakis
31 Vaccines for Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Frank M. Orson, Mark J. Biscone, Berma M. Kinsey, and
Thomas R. Kosten
32 Acupuncture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Ji-Sheng Han and Cai-Lian Cui
33 Alcohol Abstinence Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Richard N. Rosenthal
34 Alternative Pharmacotherapies for Opioid
Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
Paul J. Fudala and Rolley E. Johnson
35 Sedative-Hypnotics Abstinence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 501
R.C. Oude Voshaar
36 Nicotine Dependence Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Douglas Ziedonis, David Kalman, Chris W. Johnson,
and Lisa A. Mistler
Part 2: Psychosocial and Other Treatments
37 Self-Help Programs Focused on Substance Use:
Active Ingredients and Outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Rudolf H. Moos and Christine Timko
38 Alternative Support Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 533
Arthur T. Horvath
39 The Therapeutic Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 543
William B. O'Brien, J. Gabriel Piedrahita, and Francisco
(Sebastian) P. Bacatan, Jr.
40 Network Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551
Marc Galanter and Helen Dermatis
41 Individual Psychotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562
Joan E. Zweben
42 Group Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Arnold M. Washton
43 Family/Couples Approaches to Treatment
Engagement and Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
William Fals-Stewart and Wendy K. K. Lam
44 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
Kathleen M. Carroll
45 Contingency Management in the Treatment
of Substance Use Disorders: Trends in
the Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Stephen T. Higgins, Stacey C. Sigmon, and Sarah H. Heil
46 Motivational Interviewing and Enhancement . . . . . 622
Carlo C. DiClemente, Onna R. Van Orden, and
Katherine S. Wright
47 Relapse Prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633
Dennis C. Daley, G. Alan Marlatt, and Antoine Douaihy
S E C T I O N 7 :
Management of Associated
Medical Conditions
48 Maternal and Neonatal Complications of
Alcohol and Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648
Karol Kaltenbach and Hendree Jones
49 Medical Complications of Drug Use/Dependence . . 663
Joshua D. Lee, Jennifer McNeely, and Marc N. Gourevitch
50 Psychiatric Complications of HIV-1 Infection
and Drug Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682
Harold W. Goforth, L. Brett Caram, Jorge Maldonado,
Pedro Ruiz, and Francisco Fernandez
51 Acute and Chronic Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
Russell K. Portenoy
52 Substance Use Disorders in Individuals with
Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Sylvia J. Dennison
53 Medication Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
Carolina L. Haass-Koffler and Elinore F. McCance-Katz
S E C T I O N 8 :
Models of Prevention
54 School-Based Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
Gilbert J. Botvin and Kenneth W. Griffin
55 Harm Reduction: New Drug Policies and Practices . . 754
Ernest Drucker, Robert G. Newman, Ethan Nadelmann, Alex Wodak,
Daniel Wolfe, David Marsh, Eugene Oscapella, Jennifer Mcneely,
Yujiang Jia, and Kasia Malinowska-Semprucht
56 Work Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
Paul F. Engelhart and Cindy Taormina
S E C T I O N 9 :
Life Cycle
57 Adolescent Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Robert Milin and Selena Walker
58 The Older Drug Abuser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
Bennett W. Fletcher and Wilson M. Compton
S E C T I O N 1 0 :
Special Populations
59 African Americans: Alcohol and Substance
Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
William B. Lawson, Jessica Herrera, and Robert G. Lawson
60 Hispanic Americans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Pedro Ruiz
61 Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders . . . . . . . . . . . 829
John W. Tsuang and Edmond H. Pi
62 American Indians and Alaska Natives . . . . . . . . . . . 837
Daniel Dickerson
63 Women and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847
Shelly F. Greenfield, Sudie E. Back, Katie Lawson, and
Kathleen T. Brady
64 Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 871
Robert Paul Cabaj
65 Incarcerated Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
Timothy W. Kinlock, Michael S. Gordon, and
Robert P. Schwartz
66 Substance Use Disorders among Health Care
Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892
J. Wesley Boyd and John R. Knight
67 The Homeless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
Jacqueline Maus Feldman
68 Disability, Impairment, and Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . 908
Stuart Gitlow
69 New Immigrants and Refugees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 918
Joseph Westermeyer
70 Substance Use in the Armed Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . 926
Robert M. Bray and Michael R. Pemberton
S E C T I O N 1 1 :
Training and Education
71 Medical Education on Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937
Karen Drexler
72 Psychologists: Training and Education . . . . . . . . . . . 949
D. Baron, C.J. Combs, and A.P. Wells
73 Nursing Education in Addictions and
Substance Abuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957
Betty D. Morgan and Donna M. White, and Colleen T. LaBelle
74 Social Worker Education and Training in the Care of
Persons with Substance Use Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . 965
Michelle Tuten
75 Counselor Training and Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 971
Gregory S. Brigham, Natasha Slesnick, and Grant Schroeder
76 Other Mental Health Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 979
E. Akerele, N. Nahar, and J. Cerimele
S E C T I O N 1 2 :
Policy Issues
77 Drug Policy: A Biological Science Perspective . . . . . 988
Robert L. DuPont, Bertha K. Madras, and Per Johansson
78 Substance Abuse Policy and Payment . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
Anita Everett
79 Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019
Ihsan M. Salloum
80 Clinical and Societal Implications of Drug
Legalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034
Benjamin R. Nordstrom and Herbert D. Kleber
81 Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046
Pedro Ruiz and Eric C. Strain
