The politics of ideological diversity in France, Johan Verberckmoes; between identity and pragmatism - Italian trade unionism on its way to Europe, Giampiero Bianchi; Belgium - pragmatism in pluralism, Patrick Pasture; the unattainable unity in the Netherlands, Patrick Pasture; Germany - inner trade union diversity, Johan Verberckmoes; the United Kingdom - between policy and party, Johan Verberckmoes; Sweden - the emergence and erosion of a "model", Bo Strath.