Natural Gas, Basic Science and Technology

Natural gas: World reserves of natural gas. Natural gas areas. Natural gas in sedimentary basins. Unconventional sources of natural gas. Gas industry operations: Introduction. Exploration. Offshore production. Onshore production. On-land transmission. Natural gas storage. The urban distribution of natural gas. Domestic, commercial and industrial utilisation of natural gas. Future gas supply and use. Seismic techniques in exploration: Introduction. Field techniques of seismic analysis. Future development in seismic exploration. Thermodynamics in gas measurement and processing: Introduction. Thermodynamic basics. Virial series correlation. Corresponding states formulations. Empirical equations of state. The measurement of high pressure flows: Introduction. Orifice plate meters. Sonic nozzles for flow calibration and measurement. Flow measurement by ultrasonic techniques. The radiotracer time-of-flight technique. Other flowmeters. Density determination. The calorific value of natural gas: Introduction. Precision flame calorimetry. Commercially available combustion calorimeters. The zirconia oxygen cell calorimeter. The combustion of natural gas. Introduction. Laminar flames. Turbulent flames. The ignition of natural gases on burners. Appendices. Index.