Laminated composite materials have been used in structural applications since the 1960s. However, their high cost and inability to accommodate fibers in the laminate's thickness direction greatly reduce their damage tolerance and impact resistance. The second generation of materials-3-D textile reinforced composites-offers significant cost reduction, and by incorporating reinforcement in the thickness direction, dramatically increases damage tolerance and impact resistance.
However, methods for predicting mechanical properties of 3-D textile reinforced composite materials tend to be more complex. These materials also have disadvantages-particularly in regard to crimps in the yarns-that require more research. Textile preforms, micro- and macromechanical modeling, manufacturing processes, and characterization all need further development. As researchers overcome these problems, this new generation of composites will emerge as a highly competitive family of materials.
3-D Textile Reinforcements in Composite Materials provides a state-of-the-art account of this promising technology. In it, top experts describe the manufacturing processes, highlight the advantages, identify the main applications, analyze methods for predicting mechanical properties, and detail various reinforcement strategies, including grid structure, knitted fabric composites, and the braiding technique.
Armed with the information in this book, readers will be prepared to better exploit the advantages of 3-D textile reinforced composites, overcome its disadvantages, and contribute to the further development of the technology.
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Zielgruppe
Für höhere Schule und Studium
Für Beruf und Forschung
Maße
Höhe: 235 mm
Breite: 156 mm
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-0-8493-1795-8 (9780849317958)
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Schweitzer Klassifikation
List of Contributors
Preface
Introduction: Why are 3-D Textile Technologies Applied to Composite Materials?
Manufacturing Costs
The Problem in the Thickness Direction
Examples of Applications
Conclusions
Textile Reinforcements in Composite Materials
Introduction
Classification of Textile Preforms
Structural Geometry of 3-D Textiles
Tailoring Fiber Architecture for Strong and Tough Composites
Modeling of 3-D Textile Composites
Application of the FGM
Conclusions and Future Directions
References
3-D Textile Reinforced Composites for the Transportation Industry
Introduction
The Mechanical Performance of Conventional and 3-D Reinforced Composites
Manufacturing Textile Structural Composites
3-D Composites in Aerospace Structures
Textile Structural Composites in Automotive Structures
Conclusions
Bibliography
Mechanical Modeling of Solid Fabric Composites
Introduction
Review on Solid Wave-Fabric Composites
Elastic Model: The Complementary Energy Model
Strength Model
Conclusion
Macromechanical Analysis of 3-D Textile Reinforced Composites
Introduction
Determination of the Stiffness and Strength Properties of 3-D Textile Reinforced Composite Materials
Determination of the Stiffness and Strength Properties of Braided Composite Materials
Determination of the Stiffness and Strength Properties of Knitted Composite Materials
Application of the Macromechanical Analysis to the Design of a Warp Knitted Fabric Sandwich Structure for Energy Absorption Applications
Application of the Macromechanical Analysis to the Design of an Energy Absorber Type 3P Bending
Conclusions
Manufacture and Design of Composite Grids
Introduction
Grid Description
Manufacturing Processes
Mechanical Properties of Grids
Failure Envelopes of Grids
Grids with Skins
Flexural Rigidity of Isogrids
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion
Conclusions
Knitted Fabric Composites
Introduction
Description of Knitted Fabric
Tensile Behavior of Knitted Fabric Composites
Analysis of 3-D Elastic Properties
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties
Conclusions
Braided Structures
Introduction
2-D Braiding
3-D Braiding
Summary
3-D Forming of Continuous Fiber Reinforcements for Composites
Introduction
Forming of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Polymers
Simulation of the Forming Process
Finite Element Stimulation
Optimization of CFRTP Products
Conclusions
Resin Impregnation and Prediction of Fabric Properties
Introduction
Hand Impregnation
Matched-Die Moulding
Degassing
Preimpregnation
Vacuum Bagging
Autoclave
Liquid Moulding with Vacuum Assistance
Resin Film Infusion
Pultrusion
Conclusions
Prediction of Fabric Properties
Index
Each chapter also contains references
