Preface, xiii
Part I Overview of the Diagnostic Process, 1
1 Overview of Diagnosis, Categorization, Grading, and Staging, 3
Identification of the process, 3
Identification of tumor types, 6
Grading, 6
Staging, 9
Staging versus clinical behavior, 10
Tumor classification by cell type: epithelial, mesenchymal, round cell melanoma, 13
Epithelial tumors, 13
Mesenchymal tumors, 29
Round cell tumors, 37
Mast cell tumor, 37
Lymphoma, 43
Histiocytoma, 46
Plasmacytoma, 48
Melanoma, 48
Conclusion, 51
References, 52
Part II Case Studies, 57
2 Selected Lesions of the Head and Neck, 59
Bone tumors of the head, 59
Osteoma, 59
Osteosarcoma, 59
Mass lesions of the ear canal, 62
Aural polyp, 62
Ceruminous adenoma, 63
Ceruminous carcinoma, 64
Mass lesions of the external ear pinna, 65
Histiocytoma, 65
Squamous cell carcinoma, 66
Mass lesions of the conjunctiva and nictitans, 67
Papilloma, 67
Squamous cell carcinoma, 68
Hemangiosarcoma, 70
Melanoma, 71
Eyelid masses, 72
Meibomian gland adenoma, 72
Spindle cell tumor, 72
Lesions of the oral and nasal mucosal epithelium, 74
Eosinophilic inflammation, 74
Lymphoplasmacellular inflammation, 76
Lymphoma, 77
Epulis, 78
Acanthomatous epulis, 78
Ossifying epulis, 79
Viral papilloma, 80
Squamous cell carcinoma, 81
Melanoma, 82
Nasal cavity tumors, 83
Adenocarcinoma, 84
Chondrosarcoma, 85
Mass lesions of the canine and feline muzzle skin, 86
Sebaceous gland nodular hyperplasia, 86
Sebaceous gland adenoma, 87
Sebaceous epithelioma, 87
Trichoblastoma (Basal cell tumor), 88
Mast cell tumor, 89
Plasma cell tumor, 91
Mass lesions of the submandibular region, 92
Reactive lymph node, 93
Malignant lymphoma, 94
Normal salivary gland, 95
Salivary mucocele, 95
Salivary gland carcinoma, 96
Ventral neck masses, 97
Thyroid adenoma, 98
Thyroid carcinoma, 99
Parathyroid adenoma, 100
Additional reading, 101
Bone tumors of the head, 101
Mass lesions of the ear canal, 101
Ceruminous gland carcinoma, 101
Mass lesions of the external ear pinna, 101
Histiocytoma, 101
Squamous cell carcinoma, 101
Mass lesions of the conjunctiva and nictitans, 101
Eyelid masses, 102
Meibomian gland adenoma, 102
Spindle cell tumor, 102
Lesions of the oral and nasal mucosal epithelium, 102
Eosinophilic inflammation, 102
Lymphoplasmacellular inflammation, 102
Acanthomatous epulis, 102
Viral papilloma, 102
Squamous cell carcinoma, 102
Melanoma, 102
Nasal cavity tumors, 102
Adenocarcinoma, 103
Chondrosarcoma, 103
Mass lesions of the canine and feline muzzle skin, 103
Sebaceous gland nodular hyperplasia, 103
Sebaceous gland adenoma, 103
Sebaceous epithelioma, 103
Trichoblastoma (Basal cell tumor), 103
Mast cell tumor, 103
Plasma cell tumor, 103
Mass lesions of the submandibular region, 103
Reactive lymph node, 103
Malignant lymphoma, 103
Normal salivary gland, 104
Salivary mucocele, 104
Salivary gland carcinoma, 104
Ventral neck masses, 104
Thyroid carcinoma, 104
3 Selected Lesions of the Limbs, Paws, and Digits, 105
Bone lesions, 105
Periosteal hyperplasia, 105
Osteosarcoma, 105
Subungual tumors, 108
Melanoma, 108
Squamous cell carcinoma, 110
Digital skin and nail bed lesions, 111
Calcinosis circumscripta, 111
Plasmacellular pododermatitis, 112
Papilloma, 112
Fibroadnexal hyperplasia, 114
Stromal tumors of the limb, 116
Canine low-grade
spindle cell tumor, 116
Feline spindle cell tumor, 118
Lipoma, 119
Liposarcoma, 121
Synovial sarcoma, 122
Additional reading, 123
Bone lesions, 123
Subungual tumors, 123
Melanoma, 123
Squamous cell carcinoma, 124
Digital skin and nail bed lesions, 124
Calcinosis circumscripta, 124
Plasmacellular pododermatitis, 124
Papilloma, 124
Fibroadnexal hyperplasia, 124
Stromal tumors of the limb, 124
4 Selected Genital and Perineal Masses, 127
Perineal masses, 127
Rectal polyp, 127
Perianal gland adenoma, 127
Perianal gland carcinoma, 129
Anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma, 130
Masses of the external genitalia, 132
Transmissible venereal tumor, 132
Mast cell tumor, 133
Additional reading, 134
Perineal masses
Rectal polyp, 134
Perianal gland adenoma, 134
Perianal gland carcinoma, 134
Anal sac apocrine gland carcinoma, 135
Masses of the external genitalia, 135
Transmissible venereal tumor, 135
Mast cell tumor, 135
5 Selected Lesions of the Skin and Subcutis of the Trunk, 137
Mass lesions of the dorsal trunk, 137
Calcinosis cutis, 137
Follicular cyst, 137
Cystic adnexal tumors-trichoepithelioma, keratoacanthoma, 138
Apocrine adenoma, 141
Apocrine and sebaceous carcinoma, 141
Sebaceous carcinoma, 143
Lipoma, 143
Canine well-differentiated
spindle cell proliferation, 144
Canine spindle cell tumor, middle grade, 146
Canine spindle cell tumor, high grade, 146
Feline spindle cell tumor, 149
Canine cutaneous lymphoma, 151
Mast cell tumor, 153
Canine histiocytoma, 154
Histiocytosis, 155
Dorsal tail head masses, 157
Pilomatricoma, 157
Melanoma, 158
Sebaceous adenoma, 160
Perianal gland adenoma, 161
Ventral trunk vascular lesions of the skin and subcutis, 161
Hemangioma, 162
Hemangiosarcoma, 162
Mass lesions of the mammary gland, 164
Fibroepithelial hyperplasia, 164
Mammary gland adenoma, 165
Complex adenoma, 165
Mixed mammary tumor, 167
Mammary carcinoma, 167
Additional reading, 171
Mass lesions of the dorsal trunk, 171
Calcinosis cutis, 171
Follicular cyst, 171
Cystic adnexal tumors-tricoepithelioma, keratoachanthoma, 171
Apocrine adenoma, 171
Apocrine and sebaceous carcinoma, 171
Lipoma, 171
Canine well-differentiated
spindle cell proliferation, 171
Canine spindle cell tumor, mid grade, 171
Canine spindle cell tumor, high grade, 171
Feline spindle cell tumor, 171
Canine cutaneous lymphoma, 172
Mast cell tumor, 172
Canine histiocytoma, 172
Histiocytosis, 172
Dorsal tail head masses, 172
Pilomatricoma, 172
Melanoma, 172
Sebaceous adenoma, 172
Perianal gland adenoma, 172
Ventral trunk vascular lesions of the skin and subcutis, 173
Hemangioma, 173
Hemangiosarcoma, 173
Mass lesions of the mammary gland, 173
Fibroepithelial hyperplasia, 173
Mammary carcinoma, 173
6 Selected Lesions of the Thoracic Viscera, 175
Cardiac tumors, 175
Hemangiosarcoma, 175
Malignant plasma cell tumor, 175
Pulmonary mass lesions, 178
Pulmonary carcinoma, 178
Pulmonary hemangiosarcoma, 180
Pulmonary adenomatosis, 181
Mediastinal tumors, 184
Mediastinal malignant lymphoma, 184
Thymoma, 186
Additional reading, 187
Cardiac tumors, 187
Hemangiosarcoma, 187
Pulmonary mass lesions, 187
Pulmonary carcinoma, 188
Mediastinal tumors, 188
Mediastinal malignant lymphoma, 188
Thymoma, 188
7 Selected Lesions of the Abdominal Viscera, 189
Diseases that result in liver enlargement, 189
Vacuolar hepatopathy, 189
Bile duct hyperplasia, 189
Hepatocellular neoplasia, 191
Bile duct carcinoma, 193
Hepatic hemangiosarcoma, 194
Gastrointestinal lesions, 194
Eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease, 195
Lymphoplasmacellular inflammatory bowel disease, 196
Gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma, 197
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 198
Gastrointestinal spindle cell tumor, 199
Kidney and bladder masses, 200
Pyogranulomatous inflammatory disease suggestive of FIP, 200
Renal carcinoma, 201
Renal malignant lymphoma, 202
Urinary bladder cystitis with reactive epithelial hyperplasia, 203
Urinary bladder polyp, 204
Transitional cell carcinoma, 205
Splenomegaly and splenic masses, 206
Extramedullary hematopoiesis, 207
Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, 207
Malignant lymphoma, 209
Mast cell tumor, 209
Splenic torsion, 211
Splenic hematoma, 211
Splenic hemangiosarcoma, 214
Splenic histiocytic sarcoma, 216
Splenic malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 217
Additional reading, 218
Diseases that result in liver enlargement, 218
Vacuolar hepatopathy, 218
Nodular regeneration with bile duct hyperplasia, 218
Hepatocellular neoplasia, 218
Bile duct carcinoma, 218
Hepatic hemangiosarcoma, 218
Lymphoma, 218
Gastrointestinal lesions, 218
Eosinophilic inflammatory bowel disease, 219
Lymphoplasmacellular inflammatory bowel disease, 219
Gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma, 219
Gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, 219
Gastrointestinal spindle cell tumor, 219
Kidney and bladder masses, 219
Pyogranulomatous inflammatory disease suggestive of feline infectious peritonitis, 219
Renal carcinoma, 219
Urinary bladder cystitis with reactive epithelial hyperplasia, 219
Urinary bladder polyp, 219
Transitional cell carcinoma, 219
Splenomegaly and splenic masses, 219
Extramedullary hematopoiesis, 220
Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia, 220
Mast cell tumor, 220
Splenic torsion, 220
Splenic hemangiosarcoma, 220
8 Sample Handling, 221
Cytological specimens, 221
Biopsy specimens, 227
Histology processing, glass slide production, routine stains, special stains, and additional tests, 232
Additional reading, 235
Cytology specimens, 235
Biopsy specimens, 236
Index, 000
