Rare Earth Elements

List of Contributors vii

Preface xi

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xiii

1 Rare Earth Industry Overview 1
Joseph Gambogi

2 Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash and Their Potential Recovery 27
James C. Hower, Allan Kolker, Heileen Hsu-Kim, and Desiree L. Plata

3 Recovering of Rare Earth Elements from Unconventional Resources: Bauxite Residue 75
Efthymios Balomenos, Panagiotis Davris, Dimitrios Panias, and Ioannis Paspaliaris

4 Rare Earths in Phosphate: Characterization and Extraction 99
Patrick Zhang, Haijun Liang, Zhen Jin, David DePaoli, Jan Miller, Chen-Luh Lin, and Raquel Crossman

5 Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Aqueous Solutions 167
Rick Peterson, Darwin Argumedo, and Michael Heinrichs

6 Separation of Rare Earth Elements by Crystallization 197
Kerstin Forsberg and Michael Svaerd

7 Aqueous Electrochemical Processing of Rare Earth Elements: A Review 219
Eugene Engmann, Luis A. Diaz, Tedd E. Lister, and Haiyan Zhao Copyrighted Material

8 Beneficiation of Rare Earth Elements: Prospects for Biotechnology Deployment 251
Yoshiko Fujita, Dan Park, Margaret Lencka, Andre Anderko, David Reed, Vicki Thompson, Gaurav Das, Ali Eslamimanesh, and Yongqin Jiao

9 Adsorption-Based Separation and Recovery of Rare Earth Elements 299
Madhav Patel and Athanasios K. Karamalidis

Index 377