ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, CONGENITAL DEFECTS, and DISEASE. - The anatomy and function of the atrioventricular valves.- The anatomy and function of the semilunar valves.- Congenital heart defects that include cardiac valve abnormalities.- Acquired valve disease and processes.- Complex repair of CHD requiring conduits OR valve replacement outside of the ROSS procedure.- VALVE REPAIR AND REPLACEMENT.- Heart valve disease.- History of heart valve repair.- The Ross Procedure.- The Use of Echocardiographic imaging of Valves.- Advanced 3D imaging (CT and MRI) and transcatheter valve repair/ implantation.- Transcatheter mitral repair and replacement.- Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation: the first transcatheter valve.- Transcatheter aortic valve implantation.- Post TAVR PCI.- Complex Procedures in TAV, SAV, HARPOON, BASILICA w/ case studies.- Tissue engineered heart valves.- New trends for valve replacement like the Ozaki procedure.- Post-operative management of valves: On-X valve inpost anticoagulation management.- TESTING, REGULATORY and TRAINING ISSUES.- In vitro testing of heart valve substitutes.- Numerical methods for design and evaluation of prosthetic heart valves.- Animal models for cardiac valve research.- The use of isolated heart models and anatomic specimens as means to enhance the design and testing of cardiac valve therapies.- Successful development and regulatory approval of replacement cardiac valves.- Clinical trial requirements for cardiac valves.- Virtual Prototyping and 3D Printing For Simulation.- Computational Modeling, Validation, Verification and Uncertainty: Device simulation in Valvular Anatomies.- Procedural Training and Education: Mixed Realities.
