Part 1 The source of localized learning and the science-technology interface: introduction, C. Freeman; what do firms learn from basic research?, K. Pavitt; the dynamics of competition in a science-based technology - the case of biotechnology, L. Orsenigo; technological learning, economic networks and innovation appropriability, O. Cohendet et al; technological systems and economic performance - the diffusion of factory automation in Sweden, B. Carlsson and S. Jacobsson. Part 2 The models revolution - cumulative learning, irreversibility and diversity of trajectories: introduction, R. Boyer; the micro-foundations of competitiveness and their macro-economic implications, F. Chiaromonte and G. Dosi; toward a theory of the creation of technology as an out of equilibrium process, J-L. Gaffard; a model of growth through creative destruction, P. Aghion and P. Howitt; national effects of learning, international specialization and growth paths, B Amable. Part 3 Networking and convergence: introduction, D. Foray; the dynamics of technological inter-relatedness - the case of information and communication technologies, C. Antonelli; path dependence and predictability in dynamic systems with local network externalities, P. David; variety and irreversibility in networks of technique conception and adoption. Part 4 Institutional and technological change - the importance of diversity: introduction, A. Sorge; user-producer relationships, national systems of innovation and internationalization, B-A. Lundvall; variation among nations in the logic of manufacturing sectors and international competitiveness, R. Hollingsworth; the revival of prosperity in industrial economies - technological trajectories, organizational structure, competitivity, M. Piore; studied trust - building new forms of cooperation in a volatile economy, C. Sabel; work organization, technical progress and culture, S. Watanabe; skill flexibility, labour market structure, training systems and competitiveness, D. Marsden; conclusions, C. Freeman and L. Soete.