Pharmacy and the U.S. Health Care System, Second Edition, examines and gages the ramifications of each of these phenomena to clarify the issues at stake and ensure that better-informed and prepared students, academics, practicing pharmacists, and manufacturers emerge to lead the profession to a higher level of success. As you will see, without the active examination of societal changes and the setting of new professional goals, the profession faces stagnation.Pharmacists face formidable tasks such as filling more and more prescriptions with less time and manpower, increasing one-on-one contact with health care consumers, monitoring consumer consumption of over-the-counter drugs, and surviving the competition caused by mail order pharmacy and 'discriminatory'pricing. Pharmacy and the U.S. Health Care System provides you with in-depth coverage of these challenges and the strategies and techniques now being employed by leaders in the field to control health care utilization and cost. You will also learn critical information about:
how the U.S. spends little on health promotion yet huge amounts on prolonging unhealthy life at the end of human lifespans
health care financing
competitive bidding among HMOs that reduces premiums for member companies
how pharmacy interfaces with the contemporary health care system
disease management programs
how patient behavior and patient compliance influence the drug use process
capitation--the most powerful tool to reduce the cost of health plans
the role of pharmacists in providing services and products to patients residing in long-term care facilities
Pharmacists will find in this accessible and easy-to-read book the insight they need to channel their expertise into drug product selection, therapeutic substitution, and disease management to see that clinical, economic, and humanistic outcomes are incorporated into developing patient care plans. Pharmacy and the U.S. Health Care System will guide you to action; don't let other forces determine the role your profession will play in the future of health care provision!
Auflage
Sprache
Verlagsort
Verlagsgruppe
Zielgruppe
Für höhere Schule und Studium
Für Beruf und Forschung
Editions-Typ
Gewicht
ISBN-13
978-1-56024-999-3 (9781560249993)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Klassifikation
Autor*in
Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA
Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction: Impacts Upon Pharmacy
Medication Use and Acquisition
Conclusion
Chapter 2: Overview of Health Care in the United States Health and Disease
Historical Evolution of Health Services
The Private Heath Care Sector
The Public Health Care System
Health Care: Right or Privilege?
Conclusion
Chapter 3: Financing Health Care in the United States
Intro- duction and Purpose
History and Organizations
Summary
Chapter 4: Cost and Utilization Controls
Cost-Sharing Strategies
Capitation
Utilization Controls
Product Cost Controls
Conclusion
Chapter 5: Managed Care
What Is Managed Care?
Costs, Prices, and Spending
Three Generations of Managed Care
How MCOs Reduce Costs
Capitation and the Practice of Medicine
Managing Health Care Services and Resources
Fundamental Organization Structures in Managed Care
Health Benefits Financing and Provider Reimbursement
Utilization Management
Effects of Managed Care on Pharmacy Services
Cost Management Through Care Management
Managed Care Accomplishments
The Future: Competition in Managed Care
Chapter 6: The Health Professions
Introduction
Prescribing Authority
Health Manpower
Physicians
Pharmacy Personnel and Practice Site
Issues and Trends
Appendix
Chapter 7: Pharmacists in the U.S. Health Care System
Introduction
Pharmaceutical Care
Manpower
Historical Considerations
Supply
Demand
Surplus or Shortage?
PEW Health Professions Commission Report
Education
Historical Considerations
Increased Length of Curriculum
Standardization of the Curriculum
Clinical Pharmacy
A Profile of Pharmacy Education
Practice Settings
Conclusion
Chapter 8: Pharmacy Organizations
Introduction
Role of Pharmacy Organizations
Historical Development of Pharmacy Organizations
Specific Pharmacy Organizations
Current Issues for Pharmacy Organizations
Individual Decisions Regarding Organizations
Chapter 9: Emerging Roles for Pharmacists
Introduction: Historical Overview of the Pharmacist in the United States
Health Care Issues in the United States
Health Care Trends and New Opportunities for Pharmacists
Pharmaceutical Care: Opportunities for the Pharmacist in the Future
Expanded PC Model: Framework for Achieving Pharmaceutical Care in the Health Care System
Needs/Challenges to Further Development of Pharmacy Practice and Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care
Summary and Conclusions
Chapter 10: Hospitals and Health Care Institutions
History
Modern Hospitals
DRGs or Prospective Reimbursement
Competition
Services Offered
Departments and Services
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations
Summary
Trends and Predictions
Chapter 11: Pharmacists' Involvement in Nursing Home Facilities and Home Health Care
Increase in the Number of Elderly
Increased Demand for Health Care Services
Long-Term Care Facilities
The Role of Consultant Pharmacists in LTCFs
Cost Benefit of the Consultant Pharmacist
Home Health Care Services
Pharmacy Involvement with Home Health Care Agencies
Chapter 12: The Pharmaceutical Industry
Financial Statistics
Sales and R&D
U.S. Health Care Expenditures
Market Entry of Alternatives
Conclusion
Chapter 13: Drug Distribution
Introduction
Distribution and Marketing Strategy
Pharmaceutical Manufacturers
Drug Wholesaling in the United States
Concerns in the Wholesale Industry
Repackagers
Distribution in Large Community Pharmacies
Alternative Distribution Channels
Distribution of Generic Drugs
Emerging Trends in Distribution
Achieving Operational Efficiency Through Automation
Conclusion
Chapter 14: The Consumers of Health Care
Introduction
The Consumer Role
Models of the Patient-Practitioner Relationship
Consumerism in Health Care: The Changing Role of the Patient
Health, Illness, and Sick-Role Behavior
Ethnic and Cultural Differences in Illness Behavior
Aging Americans: Impact on Health Care
Consumer Behavior and Pharmacy Practice
Chapter 15: The Drug Use Process
Introduction
Patient Compliance
Summary
Chapter 16: Provision of Care to Subpopulations: A Cultural Perspective
Introduction
Minorities: Diversity in the Health Care Fields
Culture, Race, Ethnicity, and Health Care
Cultural Sensitivity
Epidemiology and Ethnic Variations
Ethnic and Racial Difference in Treatment Outcome Variations
Cultural Influences and Utilization of Pharmacy Health Services
Culture and Treatment Compliance
Conclusion
Chapter 17: Pending Other Issues
Introduction
Pharmacy Technicians: By the Pharmacist's Side
Medication Errors: A Pharmaceutical Care Responsibility
Rx to OTC: An Opportunity for Pharmacy and for Better Patient Care
Pharmacy: An Introspective Look at Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Challenges for Pharmaceutical Care
Chapter 18: New Technologies
Introduction
Impact of Computer Technology on Pharmacy Practice
Lifelong Learning with Computer Technology
Information Technology versus Automation
How Pharmacy Is Impacted by Technology
Distribution Systems: Retail and Wholesale
Practice Implications
Where Do We Go From Here?
Index
