Cavitation is the process of formation of voids and clouds of bubbles in liquids under tension. Cavitation and the ability of liquids to withstand tension are therefore topics of considerable importance in a number of disciplines in pure and applied science. The monograph begins with a historical survey of early cavitation research which started with the pioneering work of F M L Donny and Marcelin Berthelot. The theoretical and experimental background to cavitation and the tensile strength of liquids - static and dynamic stressing of liquids and bubble studies - is then discussed before the practical consequences are considered. It is these 'applied' areas in which cavitation has most bearing on everyday life: engineers and marine architects must have an appreciation of the effects of cavitation on hydraulic machinery and ships' propellers while the cavitation properties of the liquid coolant can play a large part in the design and safety of fast nuclear reactors. In the medical field cavitation effects are met in joint cracking, decompression sickness and blood flow. The conclusion of the book, and a survey of the present state of knowledge, are presented by Professor H N V Temperley, who has had a lifetime's experience of cavitation research. This monograph will serve as a complete introduction to cavitation and tension in liquids for students of physics, engineering and chemical engineering. Researchers and teachers will find it a handy reference source.
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978-0-85274-454-3 (9780852744543)
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Schweitzer Klassifikation
Historical introduction: Some relevant basic topics: Metastable phases of a liquid. Cavitation nuclei. The Rayleigh cavity. Pressure reduction in a throat. Cavitation number. Static application of tension to a liquid: The Berthelot tube method. Electrical modifications of the Berthelot tube experiment. The use of a spiral Berthelot tube. Theortical aspects of the Berthelot tube method. Hayward's work on the double metastable state of water. The centrifugal method. Conclusions. Dynamic stressing of a liquid: Methods based in the reflection principle. Direct methods of generating a tension pulse. The use of a water shock tube. Discussion. Bubble studies: Introduction. Ultrasonic work. Laser work. Water shock tube experiments. Spark-gap methods. Mathematical theory of bubble dynamics. Cavity clusters. The growth-collapse behaviour of cavities. Discussion. Cavitaion erosion: Introduction. Vibratory cavitation erosion techniques. Erosion testing with a cavitating jet. Water tunnel experiments. Experiments with spark induced bubbles. Cavitation damage in large concrete structures. Discussion. Miscellaneous related topics: Tensile strength experiments using a 'host' liquid as container. Tribonucleation. Cavitation in bearings. Cavitation in medicine. The ascent of sap in trees. The effect of polymeric additives on cavitation. Survey of the present position (Professor H N V Temperley): Topics considered. Theoretical tensile strength. How far does experiment confirm theory? The behaviour of cavitated liquid. References. Index.
